Thorax 4 Flashcards
What are the sulci of the heart
- Coronary sulcus (Atrioventricular groove)
- Anterior interventricular sulcus/groove
- Posterior interventricular sulcus/groove
What does the coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove) contain?
- Right coronary a.
- Left coronary a.
- Coronary sinus
- Circumflex a. (branch off left coronary a.)
Contents of the anterior interventricular groove
- Anterior interventricular a.
- Great cardiac v.
Contents of the posterior interventricular groove
- Posterior interventricular a.
- Middle cardiac v.
Where does the right atrium receive blood from?
SVC, IVC, coronary sinus
Where does right ventricle receive blood from?
Right atrium via triscuspid valve
Where does right ventricle pump blood?
Systolic outflow to the pulmonary trunk (via pulmonary semilunar valve)
What do the chordae tendinae do?
Attach papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve
- preventing prolapse
What makes up the base of the heart?
Left atrium & pulmonary veins
What is the rough myocardium of the right atrium and right & left auricles
Pectinate muscles
What are the ridges in the right and left ventricular walls
trabeculae carnae
Where does the left atrium receive blood from?
Pulmonary veins (2 left & 2 right)
Where does the left ventricle receive blood from?
Left atrium via mitral (bicuspid) valve
Where does left ventricle pump blood?
Aorta via aortic valve
Boundaries of the pericardium
- Anterior - body of sternum
- Posterior - oesophagus & thoracic aorta
- Lateral - right & left lungs
Which ventricle has thicker myocardium?
Left ventricle - pumps blood at higher pressures (supplies entire body)
What are the layers of the pericardium?
Fibrous pericardium (only this will be pinned) - OUTERMOST
Serous pericardium:
- parietal serous
- visceral serous (or epicardium) - INNERMOST
List the valves of the heart
- Tricuspid valve
- Bicuspid (Mitral) valve
- Pulmonary valve
- Aortic valve
Branches of the left coronary a.
- Left circumflex a.
- Anterior interventricular a.
Branches of right coronary a.
- Posterior interventricular a.
- Right marginal a.
- Sinoatrial (SA) nodal a.
Cardiac/coronary veins
- Coronary sinus (drains small, middle & great cardiac veins
- Small cardiac v.
- Middle cardiac v.
- Great cardiac v.
- anterior cardiac veins (drain into Rt. ATRIUM NOT coronary sinus)
Cardiac/coronary veins
- Coronary sinus (drains small, middle & great cardiac veins
- Small cardiac v.
- Middle cardiac v.
- Great cardiac v.
- anterior cardiac veins (drain into Rt. ATRIUM NOT coronary sinus)
What is the wall between the 2 ventricles
Interventricular septum
What is the wall between the 2 atria’s
Interatrial septum
What is the red depression in the right atrium (cadaver)? and what condition is associated with it?
fossa ovalis
- Atrial septal defect - foramen ovalis (foetus) fails to close (forming fossa ovalis) after birth
What are the semilunar cusps of the pulmonary & aortic valves
- Pulmonary - anterior, right & left semilunar cusps
- Aortic - right, left & posterior semilunar cusps
When viewed superiorly (birds eye) what do semilunar cusps create?
Sinuses
- i.e. left semilunar cusp of aortic valve = left aortic sinus
- i.e. ant. semilunar cusp of pulmonary valves = ant. pulmonary sinus
What does the left coronary a. supply?
- Most of left ventricle
- Left atrium
- Bundle of his
- Anterior aspect of interventricular septum
What does the right coronary a. supply?
- Right ventricle
- Right atrium
- Sinoatrial (SA)node
- Atrioventricular (AV) node
- Posterior aspect of interventricular septum
List the surfaces of the heart
- Sternocostal surface
- Diaphragmatic surface
- Pulmonary surface
Scenario: ECG shows that posterior cardiac wall myocardial ischemia (heart attack of the post. cardiac wall).
What coronary artery is likely affected? What branch?
Right coronary a.
- Posterior interventricular a. (posterior wall)
Scenario: ECG shows that anterior cardiac wall myocardial ischemia (heart attack of the ant. cardiac wall).
What coronary artery is likely affected? What branch?
Left coronary a.
- Anterior interventricular a.
Scenario: ECG shows that the left lateral cardiac wall myocardial ischemia (heart attack of the left lateral cardiac wall).
What coronary artery is likely affected? What branch?
Left coronary a.
- Left circumflex a.
The pericardial cavity is a gap between ____
Parietal serous pericardium and epicardium (visceral serous pericardium)
Where does coronary sinus drain into?
Right atrium
NOT IVC
WHere is fossa ovalis
Right atrium
- hence atrial septal defect
Pectinate mm. vs trabeculae carnae
Pectinate = atrium + auricles
Trabeculae carnae = ventricles
Where do the left and right coronary arteries originate from?
Left and right aortic sinuses
