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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Thin, sword shaped, smallest

Cartilaginous at birth, bony by 40

A

Xiphisternal joint

Opposite the body of T9

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2
Q

Occurs at the level of Sternal angle (T4-T5 vertebrae)

A
  • trachea bifurcates into R and L bronchi
  • 2nd rib articulates w/ sternum
  • aortic arch begins
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3
Q

Azygous vein drains into

A

SVC at level of Sternal angle of Louie

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4
Q

True ribs/ vertebrosternal

Articulate via their costal cartilages with lateral borders of the sternum

A

1st to 7th

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5
Q

False ribs/ vertebrochondral

A

8th - 10th

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6
Q

Typical ribs

A

Ribs 3-9

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7
Q

Broadest and most curved rib

Prominent scalene tubercle

A

Rib 1

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8
Q

Thinner, less curved, longer rib

Has tuberosity for serratus anterior

A

Rib 2

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9
Q

Articulates with T10 vertebra only (has single articular facet)

A

Rib 10

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10
Q

Ribs with no neck or tubercle

A

Ribs 11-12

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11
Q

Rib fractures occur at which weakest point of the rib

A

Anterior to the angle of the rib

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12
Q

Most commonly fractured ribs

A

Ribs 7-10

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13
Q

What syndrome is caused by pressure on the lower trunk of the brachial plexus (ulnar) and subclavian artery. Pain on medial forearm and hand. Wasting of hand muscles.

A

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

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14
Q

Vertebra level of Sternal angle of Louie/ manubriosternal

A

T4

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15
Q

Muscles involved in quiet inspiration and expiration?

A

Diaphragm

Elastic recoil

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16
Q

What happens to the ribs? anteroposterior/transverse/vertical diameters upon inspiration?

A

Elevate ribs

increase diameters

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17
Q

What happens to the ribs? anteroposterior/transverse/vertical diameters upon expiration?

A

Depress ribs

Decrease diameters

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18
Q

Mediastinum is divisible into superior and inferior by imaginary line passing from angle of Louie anteriorly and ______ posteriorly

A

Lower border of T4

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19
Q

Double walled fibroserous sac located anterior to T5-T8 vertebrae, posterior to body of sternum and 2nd-6th costal cartilage

A

Pericardium

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20
Q

Separates aorta and pulmonary artery from IVC behind it

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

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21
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity that compresses chambers of the heart

A

Cardiac Tamponade

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22
Q

Distention of the veins of the neck on inspiration. May be a result of pericardial effusion. What sign?

A

Kussmaul’s sign

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23
Q

Pericardiocentesis is done at what level?

A

5th ICS left parasternal border

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24
Q

Sternocostal surface of the heart is formed by which chamber of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

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25
Q
  1. Base of the heart
  2. Apex
    What chambers of the heart?
A
  1. Left atrium

2. Left ventricle (5th ICS MCL)

26
Q

Diaphragmatic surface of the heart

A

Left ventricle

27
Q

Pulmonary surface of the heart

A

Left ventricle

28
Q

Most anterior and posterior borders of the heart

A

Right ventricle

Left atrium

29
Q

Most common site of VSD

A

Membranous (1/3) portion of interventricular septum

30
Q

Blood supply of left atrium & left ventricle

A

Circumflex branch of left coronary

31
Q

Blood supply of interventricular septum and apex

A

Ant. Interventricular branch or LAD branch of left coronary

32
Q

Blood supply of right ventricle

A

Ant interventricular/LAD and right marginal artery

33
Q

Blood supply of right atrium

A

Right coronary artery

34
Q

Foramen ovale/ fossa ovalis is seen in what chamber of the heart

A

Right atrium

35
Q

Modified trabeculae carnae that crosses interventricular septum (right ventricle)

A

Moderator band

36
Q

Which forms the venous coronary sinus?

A

Left horn of the sinus venosus

37
Q

Bulbus cordis forms which chamber

A

Right ventricle

38
Q

Most common form of ASD

A

Patent foramen ovale

39
Q

Left to right shunt, inc blood flow to the lungs and causes pulmonary HTN

A

VSD

40
Q

Composition of TOF

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
VSD
RVH

41
Q

Adult derivatives of fetal vascular structures:

  1. Umbilical vein
  2. Ductus venosus
  3. Umbilical arteries
  4. Foramen ovale
A
  1. Umbilical vein - ligamentum teres
  2. Ductus venosus - ligamentum venosum
  3. Umbilical arteries - medial umbilical ligaments
  4. Foramen ovale - fossa ovalis
42
Q

Most common congenital anomaly associated with maternal rubella infection during early pregnancy

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Origin: left 6th arch

43
Q

Virelline or Omphalomesenteric veins remnant forms what

A

Meckel’s

44
Q

Only eparterial bronchi

A

Right superior lobar bronchus

45
Q

Among the 15-20 rings of trachea, at which level is the ring complete/ not C shaped

A

C6 (below cricoid)

46
Q

Enlargement of left atrium is seen on the x-Ray as what?

A

Widened carina

47
Q

Which part of tracheobronchial tree is most sensitive, secretes thick mucus and responsible for cough reflex?

A

Carina

48
Q

Location of cardiac notch

A

Superior lobe of left lung (Lingula)

49
Q

SVC drains into right atrium at the level of

A

3rd, right chondrosternal junction

50
Q

A syndrome caused by compression by LN enlargement because of mets from bronchogenic CA. Headache, edema of head and neck, superficial veins and cyanosis

A

Superior vena cava syndrome

51
Q

Inversion of the nipple in breast cancer is caused by

A

Contraction of lactiferous ducts

52
Q

Dimpling of skin on breast is caused by

A

Shortening of the suspensory ligament of Cooper’s

53
Q

Breast carcinoma most commonly occurs in which quadrant of the breast

A

Upper lateral quadrant (most dense/ breast tissues)

54
Q

Breast quadrant least likely to have breast carcinoma

A

Lower medial quadrant (least vascular)

55
Q

Injuries related to radical mastectomy: supplies serratus anterior - winging of scapula

A

Long thoracic nerve

56
Q

Injuries related to radical mastectomy: supplies latissimus dorsi - difficulty in horizontal extension of upper ex

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

57
Q

Injuries related to radical mastectomy: loss of sensation on the upper aspect of the arm

A

Intercostal nerve

58
Q

Injuries related to radical mastectomy: supplies pectoralis major & minor - difficulty in lifting object, flapping arms or doing arm wrestling

A

Medial pectoral nerve

59
Q

Motor innervation of diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

60
Q

Sentinel nodes - first sign of cancer that originates in the thorax or abdomen

A

Supraclavicular nodes

Anatomy (7 decks)

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