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Human Anatomy -- Thorax and Abdomen > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Retromammary space

A

space b/w breasts and investing layer (fascia) of pec major

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2
Q

Breast arterial supply

A

Internal thoracic branches
Lateral thoracic
Post intercostal aa (cutaneous branches)

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3
Q

Spaces on post surface of heart

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

Oblique pericardial sinus

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4
Q

Pericardium layers

A

Fibrous (outer)
Serous (inner)
1. Parietal (wall)
2. Visceral (surface of heart) AKA epicardium

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5
Q

What are the layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
Myocardium (majority of heart)
Endocardium (membranous layer continuous with lining of vessels)

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6
Q

Fibrous pericardium attached to diaphragm via…

A

pericardiacophrenic ligament

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7
Q

Blood vessels that run on pericardium

A

Pericardio-phrenic a and v

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8
Q

Apex of the heart points in what direction

A

Down to left

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9
Q

What kind of blood on
Right side
Left side
of heart?

A

Right: venous return from body
Left: oxygenated from lungs

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10
Q

Cardiac circuit blood vessel

What chamber does vessel dump into?

A

Coronary sinus (blood from heart itself enters right atrium)

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11
Q

Branches of Arch of Aorta

A

Brachiocephalic a
Left common carotid a
Left subclavian a

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12
Q

Valves of heart

A

Atrioventricular valves (R: Tricuspid, L: Mitral)
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve

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13
Q

Right and left fibrous ring

A

Outline tricuspid and mitral valves

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14
Q

Fibrous coronet outline what valves?

A

Pulmonary and aortic valves

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15
Q

2 AV valves

A

Tricuspid (R)

Mitral (L)

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16
Q

2 Semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary

Aortic

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17
Q

Septum of heart

A

Interatrial (b/w atria)
Interventricular (b/w ventricles)
AV (b/w atrium and ventricle)

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18
Q

Pectinate muscle

A

Rough wall of right atrium

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19
Q

Crista terminalis

A

Border where pectinate muscles of right atrium end

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20
Q

Sinus venarum

Remnant of…

A

Smooth wall of right atrium

Remnant of sinus venosus

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21
Q

Oval fossa

Remnant of…

A

Depression on interatrial septum

Remnant of foramen ovale

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22
Q

What structures are located in right atrium?

A

Pectinate muscle
Crista terminalis
Sinus venarum
Oval fossa

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23
Q

Cusps of tricuspid (right AV valve)

A

Anterior
Septal
Posterior

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24
Q

Structure of tricuspid valve

A

Cusps –> tendinous cords –> papillary muscles

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25
Q

Septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)

A

Conduit for electrical sys of heart

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26
Q

Compare pulmonary and tricuspid valves

A

Both have 3 cusps
Tricuspid has chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
Pulmonary has neither

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27
Q

Branches of thoracic aorta

A 
Bronchial
Mediastinal
Esophageal
Pericardial
Celiac trunk
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28
Q

Branches of arch of aorta

A

Brachiocephalic a
Left common carotid a
Left subclavian a

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29
Q

Celiac trunk located

A

below diaphragm

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30
Q 
Right or left?
Aorta
Azygos
Hemiazygos
Accessory hemiazygos
A

Aorta: left
Azygos: right
Hemiazygos: left
Accessory azygos: left

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31
Q

Vessels that drain to right atrium

A

Sup and inf vena cava

Coronary sinus

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32
Q

Cusps of mitral valve

A

2 (left side–bishop is never right)

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33
Q

Number of cusps of pulmonary and aortic valves

A

both have 3 cusps

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34
Q

Walls of right atrium

Walls of left atrium

A

Right: pectinate and sinus venarum (rough and smooth)
Left: only smooth

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35
Q

Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles are characteristic of what chamber of the heart?

A

R and L ventricles

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36
Q

Branches of R Coronary Artery

A 
(MAPS)
Post interventricular branch
SA nodal branch
AV nodal branch
Marginal branch
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37
Q

Branches of L Coronary Artery

A 
(CALM)
Ant interventricular branch
Lateral diagonal branch
Left marginal artery
Circumflex branch
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38
Q

Blood supply of myocardium by coronary aa

A

2/3 left coronary a

1/3 right coronary a

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39
Q

Where does coronary sinus run?

A

Coronary sulcus

Runs on back of heart

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40
Q

What vessels run into coronary sinus?

A

Great cardiac vein
Left marginal vein
Left post ventricular vein
Middle cardiac vein

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41
Q

SA node located

AV node located

A

SA: right atrium
AV: interatrial septum

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42
Q

Mediastinum

A

Everything left after remove heart and lungs

43
Q 
Mediastinum:
Sup
Inf
Ant
Post
A

Sup: T1 - above sternal angle
Inf: below sternal angle - diaphragm
Ant: heart
Post: area behind heart

44
Q

Contents of sup mediastinum

A 
Sup vena cava
Arch of aorta and branches
Pulmonary aa and vv
Azygos v
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve (recurrent laryngeal nerve branch)
Ductus arteriosus
Thymus
Trachea
45
Q

Ligamentum ateriosum

Remnant of…

A

Solid piece of connective tissue

Remnant of ductus arteriosus (connected pulmonary trunk to aorta)

46
Q

Location where recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus makes loop on right side?
Left side?

A

Right side: R recurrent laryngeal loops around brachiocephalic trunk (higher than left side)
Left side: L recurrent laryngeal loops under aorta, in front of ligamentum arteriosum (lower than right side)

47
Q

Thymus gland location

A

behind manubrium of sternum

48
Q

Lung bypasses in fetus

A

Ductus arteriosus

  • -Connects pulmonary trunk and aorta
  • -Adult: ligamentum arteriosum

Foramen ovale

  • -Connects right and left atrium
  • -Adult: oval fossa
49
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum

Remnant of…

A

Solid piece of connective tissue

Remnant of ductus arteriosus

50
Q

Structures located in both the sup and post mediastinum

A

Arch of aorta
Azygos v
Vagus nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerves

51
Q

Contents of post mediastinum

A 
Arch of aorta
Sympathetic trunk
Thoracic duct
Vagus nerve
Recurrent laryngeal branch
Azygos v
Esophagus
52
Q

True ribs

A

1-7

Articulate directly with sternum

53
Q

False ribs

A

8-10

Costal cartilages join up with that of rib 7

54
Q

Floating ribs

A

11-12

No costal cartilages

55
Q

Parts/characteristics of typical rib

A 
Bicipetal
Head w/ sup and inf facets
Neck
Tubercle w/ articular facet
Costal groove: NAV run here
56
Q

What are the facets of a typical rib and to where do they attach?

A

Sup and inf facets: articulate with body of vertebra with the same number and the vertebra above it
Articular facet on tubercle: articulates with transverse process of vertebra with same number

57
Q

Structures of 1st rib

A 
Grooves for subclavian a and v
Scalene tubercle (for ant scalene muscle)
58
Q

Structure of 2nd rib

A

Tuberosity for serratus ant

59
Q

3 parts of sternum

Joints of sternum

A 
Manubrium
--Manubriosternal joint (sternal angle)
Body
--Xiphisternal joint
Xiphoid process
60
Q

Sup and inf thoracic apertures…open or closed?

A

Sup: open
Inf: closed by diaphragm

61
Q

What kind of joints do ribs have?

A

Synovial

62
Q

Ligaments of ribs

A

Radiate: around head of rib (which is attached to vert body)
Costotransverse: b/w transverse process and rib

63
Q

Motion of upper ribs

Lower ribs

A

Upper: rounded joints rotate up and down
– “pump handle”
Lower: plane joints which elevate and depress
– “bucket handle”

64
Q

Muscles of thorax

A 
Pec major and minor
Serratus anterior and posterior
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Transversus thoracis
65
Q

Serratus post sup action

Serratus post inf action

A

Post sup: elevate ribs

Post inf: depress ribs

66
Q

Levator costarum action

A

Elevate ribs

67
Q

External intercostal action

A

Elevate ribs during forced inspiration

68
Q

Internal intercostal action

A

Depress ribs during forced respiration

69
Q

Transversus thoracic action

A

Weakly depresses ribs

70
Q

Levatores costarum run…

A

From transverse process –> rib below

71
Q

3 holes in diapragm for…

A

Aorta (splanchnic nerves travel through here)
Inf vena cava
Esophagus

72
Q

Parts of parietal pleura lining lung cavity

A

Cervical
Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal

73
Q

Endothoracic fascia located between

A

Parietal pleura and body cavity

74
Q

Are visceral and parietal pleura of lung continuous?

A

Yes

75
Q

Costodiaphragmatic recesses

A

spaces at bottom corners of lung cavity

allow for lung expansion

76
Q

Cardiac notch

A

In left lung

Where heart is located

77
Q

Hilum

A

Area of lungs that is entrance for vessels and air passageways

78
Q

Lingula

A

tongue-like part of left lung

part of sup lobe

79
Q

Lobes of Right lung

Left lung

A

R: sup, mid, inf
L: sup, inf

80
Q

Fissures of Right lung

Left lung

A

R: horiz and oblique
L: oblique

81
Q

Surface of Right Lung

A

Groove for sup vena cava
Groove for azygos v
Impressions for vagus and phrenic

82
Q

Surface of Left Lung

A

Cardiac impression
Impression from arch of aorta
Impression from subclavian

83
Q

Root of lung

A

area b/w lung and trachea

84
Q

Airpassageways of lung

A

Trachea
R and L primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Broncho-pulmonary segments

85
Q

How many secondary bronchi in right lung?

Left lung?

A

Right: 3 secondary bronchi (1 per lobe)
Left: 2 secondary bronchi

86
Q

3 types of bronchioles

A

Conducting
Terminal
Respiratory

87
Q

Parts of alveoli

A

alveolar duct

alveolar sac

88
Q

3 things that pass through diaphragm

A

Inf vena cava (T9)
Esophagus (T10)
Aorta (T11)

89
Q

Nerves of lungs
Sym
Parasym

A

Sym: sym trunks
Parasym: vagus

90
Q

Central tendon of diaphragm

A

Large tendon in middle of diaphragm muscle

91
Q

Function of serous pericardium

A

secretes lubriant to prevent heart from getting caught on inside of pericardium

92
Q

Bronchial arteries originate from…

A

Thoracic aorta

93
Q

Bronchial veins drain to…

A

Azygos
Hemiazygos
Pulmonary vv

94
Q

Lymph nodes in lungs drain to…

A

lymph nodes around trachea

95
Q

Thoracic duct

Drains into…

A

All lymph fluid from body (except rt upper limb and head) drains through thoracic duct (left side)
Drains into left brachiocephalic v at bifurction into L jugular and L subclavian

96
Q

Right lymphatic duct

Drains into…

A

Lymph fluid from rt upper limb drains here

Drains into right brachiocephalic v

97
Q

Pulmonary plexus

A

combo of parasym (from vagus–runs on esophagus) and

sym (from sym trunk)

98
Q

Cardiac plexus

A

nerves to heart

99
Q

Esophageal plexus

A

runs on esophagus – innervation to gut

vagus joins with esophageal plexus

100
Q

Another name for nerve T2

A

Anterior intercostobrachial nerve

101
Q

Name of fused ganglion (inf cervical ganglion + 1st thoracic ganglion)

A

Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion

102
Q

Rami communicantes

A

Connects ganglion with spinal nerves

  • -White ramus
  • -Gray ramus
103
Q

Sympathetic ganglion are close/far to origin

A

Close to origin (spinal cord)

104
Q

Another name for T2 nerve

A

Anterior intercostobrachial nerve

Human Anatomy -- Thorax and Abdomen (2 decks)

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