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Human Anatomy -- Thorax and Abdomen > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of anterolateral wall of abdomen

A 
Skin
Camper fascia (fatty)
Scarpa fascia (membranous)
External oblique + investing fascia
Internal oblique + investing fascia
Transversus abdominis + investing fascia
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum
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2
Q

3 major unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

Area they supply

A 
Celiac trunk (foregut)
Sup mesenteric (midgut)
Inf mesenteric (hindgut)
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3
Q

Branches of celiac trunk

A

Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic

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4
Q

Branches of left gastric a (from celiac trunk from aorta)

A

Esophageal

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5
Q

Branches of splenic a (from celiac trunk from aorta)

A 
Post gastric
Short gastric aa
Left gastro-omental artery
Splenic branches
Dorsal pancreatic
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6
Q

Left gastric from…

Right gastric from…

A

Left from celiac trunk

Right from Hepatic Artery proper from Common Hepatic from Celiac Trunk

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7
Q

Left gastroomental from…

Right gastroomental from…

A

Left from splenic from celiac trunk

Right from gastroduodenal from common hepatic from celiac trunk

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8
Q

Branches of Common Hepatic

A

Hepatic artery proper

Gastroduodenal artery

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9
Q

Branches of hepatic artery proper (from common hepatric from celiac trunk)

A

Right gastric
Right and left branches to liver
Cystic artery

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10
Q

Branches of gastroduodenal artery (from common hepatic from celiac trunk)

A

Supraduodenal
Right gastro-omental
Sup pancreaticoduodenal

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11
Q

Branches of sup mesenteric artery

A 
Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic
Inf pancreaticoduodenal aa
Jejunal aa
Ileal aa
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12
Q

Name of vessel that is anastamosis b/w sup and inf mesenteric aa

A

Marginal a

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13
Q

Branches of inf mesenteric artery

A

Left colic
Sup sigmoid aa
Sigmoid aa
Sup rectal

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14
Q

Parasym nerves of abdomen come from…

Sym nerves of abdomen come from…

A

Parasym: vagus
Sym: splanchnic

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15
Q

Where does vagus end?

A

left colic flexure

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16
Q

Path of splanchnic nerves from thorax to abdomen

A

Travel in front of aorta through hole in diaphragm for aorta

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17
Q

Ganglionic plexi of abdomen

A

Celiac
Sup mesenteric
Inf mesenteric

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18
Q

Parasympathetic innervation below the left colic flexure come from what nerves?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

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19
Q

Parasym nerves originate…

Sym nerves originate

A

Parasym: head and pelvis
Sym: thoracolumbar area

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20
Q

Muscles of anterolateral wall

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Quadratus lumborum

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21
Q

External oblique
Origin
Insertion

A 
Origin: ribs 5-12
Insertion: 
--Linea alba
--Pubic tubercle
--Ant half of iliac crest
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22
Q

Internal oblique
Origin
Insertion

A 
Origin: 
--Thoracolumbar fascia
--Iliac crest
--Inguinal ligament
Insertion
--Ribs 10-12
--Linea alba
--Pecten pubis via conjoint tendon
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23
Q

Transversus abdominis
Origin
Insertion

A 
Origin: 
--Costal cartilages 7-12
--Thoracolumbar fascia
--Iliac crest
--Inguinal ligament
Insertion:
--Linea alba w/ aponeurosis of internal oblique
--Pubic crest
Pecten pubis via conjoint tendon
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24
Q

Rectus abdominus
Origin
Insertion

A

Origin: pubic symphysis and pubic crest
Insertion: Xiphoid process and 5th-7th costal cartilages

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25
Q

Fascia surrounding oblique muscles originated from

A

Thoracolumnar fascia

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26
Q

Deep inguinal ring

A

entrance to inguinal canal

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27
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

exit by which spermatic cord/round ligament emerges from inguinal canal

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28
Q

Subinguinal space

A

Located below inguinal canal and above the hip bone

Passage for things to move from pelivis –> leg (femoral NAV)

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29
Q

Inguinal canal formed by…

A

Inguinal ligament

Fascia of obliques and transversus abdominis

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30
Q

Lateral and medial crus come from…

A

Ext oblique aponeurosis

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31
Q

Inguinal falx (conjoint tendon)

A

Where aponeuroses of int oblique and transversus abdominus fuse to form back wall of inguinal canal

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32
Q

Ant wall of inguinal canal formed by…

A

External oblique aponeurosis

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33
Q

Post wall of inguinal canal formed by…

A 
Inguinal falx (conjoint tendon)
Transversalis fascia
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34
Q

Floor of inguinal canal formed by…

A

Inguinal ligament

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35
Q

Muscles near inguinal canal

A

Iliopsoas made by:
Iliacus and
Psoas major

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36
Q

Iliopsoas allows for what movement

A

Main flexor hip

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37
Q

Parts of lumbar plexus

A

Iliohypogastric (sensory)

Ilio-inguinal (sensory)

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38
Q

Common iliac aa from…

Branch into…

A

From descending aorta

Branch into ext and int iliac

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39
Q

Branches of ext iliac a

A 
Superficial epigastric (in front of rectus abdominus)
Inferior epigastric (behind rectus abdominus)
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40
Q

Branches of int thoracic a

A

Musculophrenic (also supplies diaphragm)

Superior epigastric

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41
Q

Arcuate line

A

point where rectus sheath goes entirely in front of rectus muscle (lower part of rectus)

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42
Q

Median umbilical fold
Location
Remnant of…

A

Location: comes off bladder in midline of abdominal wall

Remnant of urachus (outgrowth of gut called allantois)

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43
Q

Medial umbilical fold
Location
Remnant of…

A

Location: located lateral the median umbilical cord

Remnant of umbilical aa (go toward umbilicus, took deox blood from fetus out to placenta to be oxygenated)

44
Q

Round ligament of liver

Remnant of…

A

Umbilical vein

45
Q

Gonads begin near…then descend

A

the kidneys

46
Q

Gubernaculum

A

Connects testis/ovaries to ant abdominal wall

Shortens to pull gonads down

47
Q

Spermatic cord includes

A

Testicular a and v

Vas deferens

48
Q

Layers of scrotum

A
  1. External spermatic fascia (from ext oblique muscle)
  2. Cremasteria fascia (from int oblique muscle)
  3. Internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)
  4. Tunica vaginalis (from peritoneum)
49
Q

Ligament of ovary from…

Round ligament of uterus from…

A

Ligament of ovary from upper gubernaculum

Round ligament from lower gubernaculum

50
Q

What passes through inguinal canal in males?

Females?

A

Males: Spermatic cord
Females: Round ligament of uterus

51
Q

Testicular vein AKA

A

pampiniform plexus

52
Q

What connects testis and epididymis?

A

Rete testis

53
Q

2 spaces of peritoneal cavity

A 
Greater sac
Lesser sac (omental bursa)
54
Q 
Greater sac
Lesser sac (omental bursa)
A

Greater: everything outside the lesser omentum
Lesser: space below liver and behind stomach
Everything behind the lesser omentum

55
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

structures that are external to the peritoneum

56
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal

A

Start off as intraperitoneal, then fuse to post body wall to become retroperitoneal

57
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

structures that are internal to the peritoneum

58
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

Kidneys
Ovaries
Testis

59
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal organs

A 
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Duodenum
Pancreas
Rectum
60
Q

Mesentery

A

Double layer of peritoneum
that occurs as a result of the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ and constitutes a continuity of the visceral and parietal peritoneum
–Connects intraperitoneal organ to the body wall

61
Q

Greater omentum

Developed from what mesentery?

A
  • -4-layered peritoneal fold
  • -hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach and duodenum
  • -after descending, folds back and attaches to ant surface of the transverse colon and its mesentery
  • -Developed from dorsal mesentery
62
Q

Lesser omentum

Developed from what mesentery?

A
  • -2-layered peritoneal fold
  • -connects lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver
  • -Developed from ventral mesentery
63
Q

Dorsal mesentery

Ventral mesentery

A

Dorsal: anchors gut to post wall
Ventral: anchors top part of gut to parietal peritoneum; surrounds liver, pancreas, duodenum

64
Q

Ligaments of greater omentum

A

Gastrophrenic ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament
Gastrocolic ligament

65
Q

Ligaments of lesser omentum

A

Gastrohepatic ligment

Hepatoduodenal ligament

66
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

loop of small intestine exits into inguinal canal via deep inguinal ring

67
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

breaks straight through post wall of inguinal canal

68
Q

Femoral hernia

A

gut passes under inguinal canal and comes out with femoral a and v

69
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

gut comes out into umbilicus (newborns

70
Q

External iliac goes to…

Internal iliac goes to…

A

Ext: exits pelvis and becomes femoral a
Int: stays in pelvis

71
Q

Hepatic portal sys

A

all blood from gut goes to liver via hepatic portal vein

72
Q

Hepatic portal sys is confluence of what vv?

A

Splenic v
Inf mesenteric v (branch of splenic)
Sup mesenteric v

73
Q

Branches of sup mesenteric vein

A

Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic

74
Q

Branches of inf mesenteric vein

A

Left colic
Sigmoid
Recto-sigmoid

75
Q

Parts of stomach (external surface)

A 
Cardia
Fundus
Body 
Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
76
Q

Internal surface of stomach

A 
Gastric folds (rugae)
Angular incisure (notch in lesser curvature)
Pyloric sphincter
77
Q

What side of the body are these organs?
Spleen
Liver

A

Spleen: left
Liver: right

78
Q

What organ is behind the stomach, nestled into the C shape of the duodenum?

A

Pancreas

79
Q

3 parts of small intestine

Intra, retro, or sec retro?

A

Duodenum: sec retro
Jejunum: intra
Ileum: intra

80
Q 
Compare jejunum and ileum based on...
Location
Inside surface
Arterial arcades
Vasa recta
Windows
Encroaching fat
A

Jejunum

  • -L upper quadrant
  • -many ridges inside
  • -few, large arterial arcades
  • -long vasa recta
  • -larger windows
  • -less encroaching fat

Ileum

  • -R lower quadrant
  • -Becomes progressively smoother
  • -many, short arterial arcades
  • -short vasa recta
  • -smaller windows
  • -more encroaching fat
81
Q

Windows

A

spaces b/w vasa recta

82
Q

Layers of wall of small intestine

A 
Visceral peritoneum (serosa) --> from mesentery
Subserosa
Muscularis externa
--with myenteric plexus (Auerbach)
Submucosa
--with submucosal plexus (Meissner)
Muscularis mucosae
Mucosa
83
Q

Pancrease releases…

A 
Digestive enzymes (carb and protein digestive enzymes)
Bicarbonate soln
84
Q

Blood supply of pancreas

A

Sup pancreatocoduodenal aa (from common hepatic from gastroduodenal)
Inf pancreaticoduodenal aa (from sup mesenteric)
Dorsal pancreatic a (from splenic)

85
Q

Parts of duodenum

A

Sup
Desc
Horiz
Asc

86
Q

First part of sup part of duodenum is …peritoneal
Second part
Rest of duodenum

A

First part: intraperitoneal
Second part: retroperitoneal
Rest of duodenum: sec retroperitoneal

87
Q

Exit from what organs into duodenum?

A

Pancreas

Liver (bile)

88
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Confluence of bile duct and main pancreatic duct

Enter duodenum via major duodenal papilla

89
Q

Minor duodenal papilla

A

opening where accessory pancreatic duct enters duodenum

90
Q

Parts of large intestine

A 
Cecum
Asc
Transverse
Des
Sigmoid
Rectum
Anal canal
91
Q

outer longitudinal muscle arranged as strips on outside of large intestine

A

Tenuae coli

92
Q

subdivisions/segments of large intestine; correspond with semilunar folds

A

Haustra

93
Q

folds on inside of large intestine that correspond with haustra

A

Semilunar folds

94
Q

Ileocecal junction

A

where ileum of SI and cecum of LI join

–1st named branch of sup mesenteric a is here

95
Q

Appendix attached to what part of large intestine?

A

Cecum

96
Q

Subinguinal space

A

Below aponeurosis of ext oblique

Conduit for femoral NAV

97
Q

Superficial inguinal ring located b/w…

A

lateral and medial crus

98
Q

Lateral crus attaches to…

Medial crus…

A

Lateral: pubic tubercle
Medial: pubic crest

99
Q

Upper gubernaculum forms…

Lower gubernaculum…

A

Upper: ligament of ovary
Lower: round ligament of uterus

100
Q

Where are sperm produced?

A

Seminiferous tubercles

101
Q

What kind of nerves run along with splanchnic nerves?

A

Sensory

102
Q

When contract…
Longitudinal muscle…
Circular muscle…

A

Long: shortens
Circular: squeezes

103
Q

Function of muscles of SI…
Muscularis externa
Muscluaris mucosae

A

Externa: peristalsis
Mucosae: regulates blood flow

104
Q

What is the joining of the bile duct and main pancreatic duct?

A

Hepato-pancreatic ampulla

105
Q

What is the opening into the duodenum for the hepato-pancreatic ampulla?

A

Major duodenal papilla

106
Q

Opening for accessory pancreatic duct into duodenum?

A

Minor duodenal papilla

Human Anatomy -- Thorax and Abdomen (2 decks)

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