Thorax 3 middle medialstinum Flashcards
Double walled sac enclosing the heart
Pericardium
2 pericardium of the heart?
- layers?
- space between?
Fibrous Pericardium - 1 layer
- outside layer once ribcage removed
Serous Pericardium - 2 layers
- Visceral - against the heart
- Parietal - inside of fibrous layer
Pericardial cavity
- potential space between V and P serous pericardium
Middle Mediastinum structures
heart pericardium ascending aorta roots of great vessels phrenic nerves
Arch of aorta MS?
superior MS
Apex and base of heart?
apex - left ventricle
base - left atria (most posterior part)
‘Surfaces’ of heart
anterior - right ventricle
diaphragmatic - left ventricle
right pulm - right ventricle
left pulm - left ventricle
‘Borders’ of the heart
Superior - Left + Right Atria
Inferior - Right Ventricle (rests on diaphragm
Left - Left Ventricle
Right - Right Atria
Great vessels of the heart
superior vena cava
aorta
pulmonary trunk
Grooves of the heart
- arteries
MC question*
Atrioventricular Groove
- right coronary artery
- circumflex artery
Interventricular Groove
- anterior interventricular artery
- posterior interventricular artery
Arteries of the heart
- travel?
Right coronary artery
- sinoatrial artery (towards SVC)
- marginal artery (towards apex)
- ends at posterior interventricular artery
Left coronary artery
- circumflex artery
- anterior –> posterior interventricular artery
Coronary veins
- travel?
anterior cardiac veins
- over atrioventricular groove and right coronary arts
- drain directly into right atrium
coronary sinus
- posterior
- atrialventricular groove
more but don’t need to know
2 Heart Valve types
Atrioventricular Valves (tri / bicuspid)
Pulmonary and Aortic Valves (semilunar valves)
- try before you buy
purpose of valves?
prevent backflow
Atrioventricular Valve structures
Cusps
Cordae Tendinae
Papillary Muscles
How to distinguish Pulmonary and Aortic valves?
Aortic has coronary arteries rising from it
Right Atrium interior structures
Opening of SVC and IVC Interatrial Septum Fossa Ovalis Opening of Coronary Sinus Right Atrioventricular Orifice Crista Terminalus
Sulcus Terminalus and Crista Terminalus
- relation
- location
- importance
Sulcus
- grove on right atrium
- from front of SVC to front of IVC
- internal aspect represents the Crista Terminalus
- both part of embryological development
Superior line represents location of the SA node**
Inferior the AV node
Fossa Ovalis
Direct passage of blood from right to left atrium during fetal development
- bypassed non-functioning lungs
Valve of the IVC
Flap
Important in fetal circulation
Helped direct oxygen rich blood through the fossa ovalis from the right artria to the left, bypassing the lungs
Right Ventricle interior structures
Right atrialventricular valve - 3 cusps - cordea tendinae - papillary muscle - moderator band Pulmonary Valve - 3 cusps
Trabeculae Carnae
Moderator Band
right ventricle
inter ventricular wall to papillary muscles
theory - papillary muscle contracts slightly faster than valve
Trabeculae Carneae vs Pectinate Muscles (pectinate carneae)
Trabeculae muscles in Ventricles
Pectinate in Atria and Auricles
Reflect Left Auricle
- what is found?
Origin of Left coronary artery
Left atria
- location
Most posterior
Base of the heart
- Pulmonary veins drain here
- Pectinate Muscles
