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Neuro journal student A > Thoracolumbar spine > Flashcards

Thoracolumbar spine Flashcards

1
Q

Irizarry, vet surg 2022
Evaluation of the IVD, Vertebral body, and spinal cord for changes secondary to percutaneous laser disk ablation
-Which vertebral body changes were seen?
-Which laser was used?

A

-mild diskitis, changes to end plates. (No disc extrusion, no spinal cord changes)
- Ho:YAG laser

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2
Q

Mariani, vet surg 2021
Accuracy of 3d PSG for implant placement in canine thoracic vertebrae: a cadaveric study
- what was the mean entry point deviation?
- what was the mean angular deviation?
- what was the effect of surgeon?
- what was the rate of cortical violation?

A

-1.4mm
-5 degrees
-no difference between surgeons
-0% cortical violation

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3
Q

Schmitt, vet surg 2021
CT evaluation of proposed implant corridors in canine thoracic vertebrae
(Study assessed T1-T9)
-at which vertebrae was the corridor was widest?
- what was the average angle for T5-T9?

A

-T1
-23 to 24 degrees
(study states that a dorsal approach would be feasible for implant placement in T5-9, but challenging for T1-4 to achieve the specified corridors).

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4
Q

Dongaonkar, vet surg 2021
Effect of irrigation technique on vertebral canal temperature during thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs: an ex vivo study
- what irrigation technique resulted in lower vertebral canal temperature?

A

intermittent bolus was better than continuous irrigation

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5
Q

Woelfel, vet surg 2021
Outcomes and prognostic factors in 59 paraplegic medium to large breed dogs with extensive epidural haemorrhage secondary to IVDE.
-What percentage of dogs WITH nociception recovered ambulation?
-What percentage of dogs WITHOUT nociception recovered ambulation?
-what was the complication rate?

A

-77% with nociception
-38% without nociception
-24% complications

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6
Q

Nakamoto, vet surg 2021
Outcomes of dogs with progressive myelomalacia treated with hemilaminectomy or extensive hemilaminectomy and durotomy
-which technique had a higher survival rate?
-which imaging finding was linked to survival?

A

-hemi and durotomy - 10/10 cases, versus 11/18 hemi alone.
- spinal cord hyperintensity - ratio of SC hyperintensity to L2 body was higher (15.2) in those that didn’t survive compared to those that did (7.2)

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7
Q

Elford, vet surg 2020
Accuracy of placement of pedicle screws in the thoracolumbar spine of dogs with spinal deformities with 3d PSGs.
-What was the rate of cortical violation?

A

3%

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8
Q

Takahashi vet surg 2020
Effect of durotomy in dogs with thoracolumbar herniation and without deep pain in hindlimbs (116 dogs total)
-what percentage of dogs regained ambulation after durotomy?

A

57% (versus 38% with hemilaminectomy alone)

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9
Q

Jeffery, vet surg 2020
Extended durotomy to treat severe spinal cord injury after acute TL disc herniation in dogs
-how many disc spaces in length was the durotomy?
-what percentage of dogs recovered to walk unaided?

A

-4 disc spaces
- 16/26 (62%)

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10
Q

Guevar vet surg 2020
Minimally invasive microsurgical decompression of an intervertebral disc protrusion in a dog
-what approach was used?
-what procedure(s) were performed to facilitate decompression?

A

-muscle splitting approach
-foraminotomy and lateral corpectomy

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11
Q

Schmeirer, vet surg 2020
Randomised control trial of pregabalin for analgesia after surgical treatment of IVDD in dogs
-what was the main finding?
-what dose of pregabalin?

A

-4mg/kg pregabalin TID resulted in reduced pain levels compared to opioids alone.

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12
Q

Gilman, VCOT 2023
Thoracolumbar stabilisation with 3d PSG and pre-contoured polyaxial bone plates
- what percentage of screws were graded I according to the modified zdichavinsky classification?

A

84%

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13
Q

Kristiansen, VCOT 2022
HNPE in dogs: Thoracolumbar compared to cervical cases
- What was the difference in outcome between groups?
- What was the difference in outcome between those treated medically and surgically?

A

None.
More TL cases underwent surgery - correlated with degree of compression.

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14
Q

Hall, VCOT 2021
Approach to and practice of Disc Fenestration in the management of inter-vertebral disc extrusions in dogs: A questionnaire survey
-How many respondents reportred having had complications?
-What was the most common complication?

A

45 %
Haemorrhage

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15
Q

Conte VCOT 2021
Thoracic vertebral canal stenosis associated with vertebral arch anomalies in small brachycephalic screw-tail dog breeds
- what was the most common stenotic site in dogs with neurological deficits?
-what was the sensitivity and specificity of a stenotic ratio of 0.56 for differentiating between dogs with and without neurological signs?

A

-T4-T5
-67%

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16
Q

Marine VCOT 2021
transthoracic vertebral distraction and stabilisation in 10 dogs with congenital thoracic malformations
- what percentage of dogs showed long term neurological improvement
-what percentage of dogs recovered full function?

A

-90%
70% recovered full function

17
Q

Upchurch VCOT 2020
Effect of duration and onset of clinical signs on short term outcome of dogs with Hansen type I thoracolumbar IVDE
-What was the effect of duration and onsent of clinical signs on short term outcome?
-What was the main variable associated with outcome

A

-none
-pre-operative neurological grade

18
Q

Harris VCOT 2020
Introduction of disc material into the intervertebral canal by fenestration of thoracolumbar discs following decompressive surgery
- what precentage of dogs had new material in the canal post fenestration?

A

33% (7/21)

19
Q

Vicens Zanoguera, JSAP 2023
Does surgical timing affect rapidity of recovery in deep pain entire non-amb dogs with thoracolumbar IVDE?
- What factors were associated with delayed recovery?

A

-neurological grade and duration of surgery (not delay in presentation or delay from presentation to surgery)

20
Q

Jones JSAP 2022
Surgical techniques used in management of subarachnoid diverticula in dogs across four centres and their immediate outcome
-what was the most common surgical technique?
-which procedure was associated with the highest risk of neurological deterioration and becoming non ambulatory?
-what percentage of dogs with post-op deterioration improved over 5 weeks?

A

-durectomy
-intra-arachnoid shunt
-7/9 (78%)

21
Q

Fiorentino JSAP 2021
Clinical, MRI and histologic findings of canine thoracolumbar discal pseudocyst
-what were the presenting signs?
-what were the MRI findings?

A

acute onset T3L3 myelopathy
oval shaped epidural mass lesion communicating with disc

22
Q

Kerr JSAP 2021
Late onset recurrence of clinical signs after surgery for IVDE in French Bulldogs
- What percentage of dogs had recurrence of TL/cervical disc?

A

51 % by 9 months

23
Q

Mojarradi JSAP 2021
Safety of early post-op hydrotherapy in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemi
-How early did the institute hydrotherapy?
-What complications were encountered?

A

<5 DAYS
-1/26 (4%) SSI and 1/26 (4%) further extrusion

24
Q

Fowler, JFMS 2022
Outcome of thoracolumbar surgical feline IVDD
- What was the most common site?
-what % cats had good outcome at discharge
-what % cats had good outcome at 2 week recheck?

A
  • L6-7
    -62.5%
    -91%
25
Q

Gillespie JFMS 2020
Thoracic vertebral canal stenosis in cats: clinical features, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment and outcome
-Which breed (and sex) was over represented?
-what were the presenting signs?

A

-british short hair (and MN)
-chronic, progressive, painful, ambulatory T3-L3 myelopathy

26
Q

Spence JAVma 2021
Comparison of MRI findings in relation to body weight in dogs with thoracolumbar disease
- What was the incidence of IVDD in dogs <15kg?
- >15kg dogs were how many more times likely to have neoplasia?

A
  • 95%
  • neoplasia (11.9 times more likely in >15kg dogs) and FCE (7.4 times more likely)
27
Q

Guevara vet surg 2024
ex vivo comparison of pin placement with PSGs or free hand technique in canine cadaveric spines
-what percentage of implants were acceptably placed - with guides and freehand?

A

Guides 64%, free hand 48%

28
Q

Violini vet surg 2024
Clinical outcomes of 20 brachycephalic dogs with thoracolumbar spinal deformities causing neurological signs treated with spinal stabilization using 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides
-what percentage of dogs were neurologically improved in the short term?
-how many were static?
-what percentage of patients had an abnormal gait at long term follow up?

A

-10% improved short term
-85% static short term
-70% abnormal gait long-term

29
Q

M. Nicholas VCOT 2023
Scapular Osteotomy for Lateral Access to a T1-2 Foraminal Disc Extrusion, Treated by Mini-Hemilaminectomy in a dog
- How was the scapular osteotomy stabilised?

A
  • Two 2.4MM locking plates
30
Q

K. Compagnone VCOT 2023
Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion in Dogs: Do Onset of Clinical Signs, Time of Surgery, and Neurological Grade Matter?
-what factors were associated with poor outcome?
-what was the effect of fenestration?

A

-acute onset, worse neurological grade at presentation
-fenestration faster return to ambulation

31
Q

T Nash JAVMA 2023
Tube cystostomy is effective for urinary outflow management in dogs with intervertebral disk extrusion and ischemic myelopathy cranial to the L3 spinal cord segment: 61 dogs (2018–2022)
-median duration the cystotomy tube remain in for?
-most common complication?
-rate of minor complications?
-rate of sever complications?

A

-19 days
-inadvertent removal (11/63)
- minor: 15/63 (24%)
- severe: 6/63 (10%)

32
Q

Martin JSAP 2020
Same-day surgery may reduce the risk of losing pain perception in dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion
- How many dogs are required to have early surgery to prevent one losing deep pain perception overnight?

A
33
Q

Guevar, vet surg 2021
Accuracy and safety of three-dimensionally printed animal-specific drill guides for thoracolumbar vertebral column instrumentation in dogs: Bilateral and unilateral designs
-what was the difference in drill accuracy between bilateral and unilateral design?
-what was the maximum deviation from entry/ exit point?
-what was the maximum angular deviation?

A

-no difference
-4.7mm
-9.3 degrees (mean 3.5)

34
Q

Beer, vet surg 2020
Biomechanical comparison of ex vivo lumbar vertebral fracture luxations stabilised with tension band or polymethylmethacrylate in cats
- what was the effect of flexion and extension on range of motion?
-how many times stiffer was screw and pmma than tension band?

A

-In flexion, no difference.
In extension, greater displacement in tension band (18 degrees) than screw and PMMA (6 degrees)
-screw/pmma two times stiffer than tension band

35
Q

Bitterli, VCOT 2022
Minimal Invasive Fluoroscopic Percutaneous Lateral Stabilization of Thoracolumbar Spinal Fractures and Luxations Using Unilateral Uniplanar External Skeletal Fixators in Dogs and Cats
- what were the most common complications?
-how many cases showed neurological improvement?

A

-erythema, pin loosening and exudate.
-12/14

Neuro journal student A (5 decks)

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