Cervical spine Flashcards
-Planchamp, vet surg 2022
-Determination of cut-off values on CT and MRI for the diagnosis of AA in small dogs.
What cut-off values for Ventral Compression Index (VCI) were diagnostic for AAI in small dogs in:
a) extended head position
b) flexed head position
(and what was the senstiivity/ specificity)
a) >0.16 extended
b) >0.2 flexed
(sensitivity 100%, specificity 95%)
-Beishuizen, vet surg 2021
-Biomechanical effects of a titanium intervertebral cage (syncage) as a standalone device and in combination with locking plates in the canine caudal cervical spine
a) What was the effect of discectomy on ROM?
b) What was the effect of cage placement on ROM ?
c) What was the effect of the addition of a locking plate on ROM ?
a) Discectomy resulted in overall increased ROM
b) cage placement increased disc height index and restored total ROM in flexion/ extension.
c) Locking plates further reduced ROM in flexion/extension and lateral bending but restored ROM in extension
[study implies that cage can be used as standalone device - no implant failure, subsidence or significant migration in loading]
-Mateo, vet surg 2020
-Medial manubriotomy for ventral access to the caudal cervical and cranial thoracic spine
a) How was the manubriotomy closed?
b) What exposure is achieved?
a) Vertebral bodies of C6-T2 consistently visualised
b) circumferential ligatures or wire placed through sides of manubrium through pre-drilled transverse holes
White, vet surg 2019
Flexed radiographic angles for determination of atlantoaxial instability in dogs
-What angle of flexion was required for diagnosis of AAI?
-What is the atlas-to-axis angle?
-What cut off can be used for the atlas to axis angle for diagnosis of AAI? What is the sensitivity of this?
- 51 degrees
-measurement from dorsal vertebral canal of C1 and C2, angle between
->10 degrees, sens and spec 90%
Reints Bok, vet surg 2019
Instrumented cervical fusion in nine dogs with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (syncage and 2x unilock plates).
-What is syncage made of?
-What was the rate of adjacent segment disease?
-What was the rate of implant failure?
-What was the rate of fusion?
-PEEK (poly ether ether ketone
-Development of adjacent segment disease in 7/9 (78%)
-Implant failure in 4/9 (44%)
-Fusion in all (100%)
Planchamp, VCOT 2021
Influence of head neck position on imaging measurements used to assess the craniovertebral junction in small breed dogs - a cadaveric study.
-What was the recommended standardised head-neck position?
-50 degrees flexion
Argent, JSAP 2022
Recurrence of signs consistent with cervical IVDE in dogs
-What was the recurrence rate overall?
-What was the recurrence rate of surgically managed cases?
-And of medically managed?
-34% overall
-33% surgically
-36% medically
(80% of recurrences occurred within 2 years)
Kim, JSAP 2020
Atlantoaxial bands in small breed dogs: influence of external pressure by the ET tube tie
-What was the effect of the ET tube tie?
-What was the effect of neck position?
-Higher compression ratios found with tie, regardless of neck position
Toni, JSAP 2020
AA ventral stabilisation with 3d PSG guides for placement of bicortical screws in dogs
-What percentage of bicortical screws were fully contained within the pedicle and vertebral body?
De Strobel, JSAP 2019
Cervical hyperaesthesia in dogs, 185 cases
-What were the two most common causes?
-What was the most useful predictor of multifocal spinal pain?
-What percentage of cases had cervical spine pathology?
-IVDE and SRMA
-rectal temp >39^C
-63%
Ros, JAVMA 2022
Central cord syndrome, clinical features, etiological diagnosis and outcome in 74 dogs
-What was the most common neurolocalisation? And what percentage of cases fell into this neurolocalisation?
-What percentage of imaging findings correlated with neurolocalisation?
-What was the most common cause?
-What presenting sign was most likely to correlate with a poor outcome?
-What % had favourable overall outcome?
- C1-C5, 88%
-58% imaging findings correlated with neurolocalisation
-IVDE most common
-Hypoventilation
-93%
Bonelli, JAVMA 2019
Neurologic and MRI features of GSD with cervical spondylomyelopathy
-What percentage of dogs were ataxic?
-What was the main spinal cord segment that was compressed?
-What anatomic features most commonly caused compression?
-90%
-C5-C7
-Proliferation of articular processes (60%), Ligamentum Flavum hypertrophy (80%)
Kikuchi, JAVMA 2023
Vertebral fixation does not affect recovery or recurrence of cervical IVD herniation in small dogs <15kg
-What factors were assocaited with poorer recovery?
-What factor was associated with recurrence?
-Non-chondrodystrophic dogs, higher pre-op cervical myelopathy grade.
-increasing age
Woelfel, vet surg 2022
Subaxial cervical articular process subluxation and dislocation: Cervical locked facet injuries in dogs
- which vertebrae were affected? (which most commonly?)
-what dogs were affected?
-what imaging finding was present for all dogs?
-5 dogs underwent surgery, 3 external coaptation, one restricted and one euthanised. what was the outcome with respect to ambulation?
-C5-C6 (6) and C6-C7 (4)
-toy breed
-unilateral dorsal subluxation of the cranial articular process of the caudal vertebra
- All 8 dogs with follow-up returned to ambulation.
