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Anatomy Exam 2 > Thoracic Wall; Thoracic Cavity; Breast > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall; Thoracic Cavity; Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Identify

A

Superior Thoracic Aperture: Opening to upper extremity and neck

  • formed by T1, 1st ribs, manubrium
  • Passing through: Trachea, esophagus, nerves (phrenic, vagus)
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2
Q

Identify (green)

A

Inferior Thoracic Aperture

  • Formed by: T12, ribs 11, 12; costal cartilages 7-10; xiphisternal junction
  • Passing through: Aorta, esophagus, inferior vena cava
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3
Q

What ribs are considered Vertebrocostal or “True” ribs

A

Ribs 1-7

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4
Q

Which ribs are considered vertebrochondral or “False” ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10

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5
Q

Which ribs are considered vertebral or “Floating” ribs?

A

Ribs 11-12

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6
Q

Identify

A

Costal Cartilages

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7
Q

Identify

A

Interchondral joints

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8
Q

Identify

A

Costochondral joints

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9
Q

Identify blue arrow

A

Head of rib

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10
Q

Identify yellow arrow

A

Neck of rib

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11
Q

Identify black arrow

A

Tubercle of rib

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12
Q

Identify red arrow

A

angle of rib

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13
Q

Identify light green arrow

A

Body of rib

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14
Q

Identify Dark green arrow

A

Costal groove

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15
Q

The two facets on the head of the rib articulate with what?

With what does the tubercle of rib articulate with?

A
  1. 2 vertebral bodies
  2. transverse process of vertebrae
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16
Q

Identify

A

Xiphoid process (T10)

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17
Q

Identify

A

Body (corpus) of sternum (T5-T9)

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18
Q

Identify

A

Manubrium (T3-T4)

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19
Q

Identify

A

Jugular notch (T2)

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20
Q

Identify

A

Clavicular notches

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21
Q

Identify

A

Costal notches

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22
Q

Identify

A

Sternal angle (T4/5)

23
Q

Identify (red line)

A

Xiphisternal junction (T10)

24
Q

What happens to the thoracic wall during Forced Expiration

A

Muscle actions “shrink” thoracic cage to force air out of lungs

25
Q

What happens to thoracic wall during forced inspiration?

A

Muscle actions “expand” thoracic cage to suck air into lungs

26
Q
  1. Identify black arrow.
  2. Fiber direction?
  3. Action
  4. What innervates this muscle?
A
  • Internal Intercostal muscle
  • Fiber direction: Infero-lateral
  • Most active during Forced Expiration
  • non-muscluar membrane posteriorly
  • Innervated by intercostal nerves (anterior rami)
27
Q
  1. Identify green arrow
  2. Fiber Direction
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  • External Intercostal muscles
  • Infero-medial fiber orientation (“hands in pockets”)
  • active during forced inspiration (elevate ribs)
  • Non-musclar membrane anteriorly
  • Innervation: Intercostal nn (anterior rami)
28
Q
  1. Identify red arrow
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
  1. Innermost intercostal muscles
  2. Active during forced expiration
  3. Non-musclar membrane anteriorly and posteriorly
  4. Innervation: Intercostal nn (anterior rami)
29
Q

Identify red box

A
  • Right crus: Larger (contains esophageal hiatus)
  • Musculotendinous bundle arising from L1-L4
30
Q

Identify black box

A
  • Left crus: smaller
  • Musculotendinous bundle arising from L1-L4
31
Q

Abdominal Diaphragm

  • Origin
  • Insertion
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Origin: xiphoid process, costal cartilage, ribs 11-12, Crura
  • Insertion: Central tendon
  • Action: Contraction causes diaphragm to depress -> increases volume of thoracic cavity -> Decreases pressure -> air rushes in
  • Innervation:
  • Motor: Phrenic nerves (C3-5)
  • Central sensory: Phrenic nn
  • Peripheral sensory: inferior intercostal nn
32
Q

Identify red arrow

  • Location
  • What structure runs through?
A
  • Caval Opening (T8)
  • In central tendon
  • IVC
33
Q

Identify black arrow

  • Location
  • What structure runs through
A
  • Esophageal hiatus (T10)
  • In right crus
  • Esophagus
34
Q

Identify green arrow

A
  • Aortic Hiatus
  • Formed by left and right crura
  • Aorta; Azygos vein; Thoracic duct
35
Q

Identify

  • Action?
A
  • Transversus Thoracis
  • Location: Between costal cartilages and sternum
  • Action: Proprioception; weakly depress ribs
36
Q

Anterior rami T1-T12 turn into what nerves?

A
  • T1-T11: Intercostal nerves
  • T12: Subcostal nerve
  • run between internal and innermost intercostal mm
37
Q

Identify

A
  • Collateral branch
  • Location: Branches off intercostal nn near rib angle and runs along superior margin of next inferior rib
  • Run between internal and innermost intercostal mm.
38
Q

Intercostal nerve block

A
  • inject 7 cm lateral to midline
  • Used for: Breast surgeries; Thoracotomies; pain relief from rib fx
39
Q

Identify red box

A

Internal Thoracic Arteries

40
Q

Identify black box

A
  • Anterior Intercostal aa.
  • Branches of internal thoracic a
  • Anastomoses with posterior IC aa
41
Q

Identify Green box

A
  • Posterior Intercostal aa
  • branches of thoracic aorta
  • Course with costal groove
42
Q

Identify black arrow

A

Superior Epigastric artery

  • Inferior terminal branches of internal thoracic artery
43
Q

Name the arteries that laterally come off the terminal branches of internal thoracic aa?

A

Musculophrenic aa

44
Q

Anterior intercostal veins

A
  • Run parallel to artery
  • drain into brachiocephalic vv
45
Q

Identify black box

A

Azygos vein

46
Q

Cutaneous innervation of breast?

A

T3-T5

47
Q

Identify

A

Retromammary space

  • Potential space between breast tissue and pectoralis major
48
Q

Identify (orange)

A

Axillary process (Axillary tail)

49
Q

Identify (green)

A

Lactiferous ducts with sinuses

50
Q

Identify

  1. black arrow
  2. red arrow
A
  1. black: Suspensory ligament of Cooper
  2. red: Mammary gland
51
Q

Aterial supply of breast

A
  1. Medial mammary branches (from internal thoracic a.)
  2. Lateral mammary branches (from lateral thoracic aa and posterior intercostal aa)
52
Q

Venous drainage of breast

A
  • parallels arterial supply: Medial and lateral mammary vv
  • drain mostly into axillary vein (some to internal thoracic v and some to posterior IC vv)
53
Q

Identify

  1. Red arrow
  2. Black arrow
  3. Blue arrow
A
  1. Red: Parasternal nodes (25%)
  2. Black: Subareolar plexus
  3. Blue: Axillary nodes (75%)
54
Q

Anatomical warning signs of breast cancer

A
  • Recent asymmetry in breast size
  • Discharge from nipple
  • Redness of skin of breast

Anatomy Exam 2 (2 decks)

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