Heart and Mediastinum Flashcards
1
Q
Identify (blue arrow)
A
Fibrous pericardium
- tough, inelastic, limits filling capacity
2
Q
Identify
- Black arrow
- Red arrow
A
Serous pericardium: creates pericardial cavity; contains serous fluid
- black: Visceral layer
- red: Parietal layer
3
Q
What is the innervation of the pericardium?
A
- Somatic: Phrenic nn (C3-5)
- Autonomics: Vagus (CN X), Sympathetic trunks
4
Q
Identify
A
Vagus nerve
5
Q
Identify
A
Phrenic nerve
6
Q
Identify the blood supply of the pericardium
A
- Pericardiacophrenic aa.
- Pericardiacophrenic vv.
7
Q
pericarditis
A
inflammation of pericardium; causes audible friction and pain
8
Q
Cardiac Tamponade
A
pressure on the heart caused by accumulation of fluid in pericardial space
9
Q
Pericardiocentesis
A
Drainage of fluid from pericardial cavity
10
Q
Identify
A
Apex of heart
11
Q
Identify
A
base of the heart (widest part) (lies around T6-T9)
12
Q
Name the three layers of heart (from most superficial to most deep)
A
- Epicardium (Fat storage)
- Myocardium (muscular)
- Endocardium
13
Q
Name blood supply through the heart
A
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary vein
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
14
Q
- Identify red arrow
- Identify green arrow
A
- interatrial septum
- interventricular septum
15
Q
Identify
- Green arrow
- Black arrow
A
- Green: Crista Terminalis
- Black: Pectinate muscle
16
Q
Identify
- Red arrow
- Blue arrow
A
- Red: Auricle
- Blue: Fossa ovalis
17
Q
Identify
- Light green arrow
A
Tricuspid (Right atrioventricular valve)
18
Q
Identify
- Blue arrow
- Dark green arrow
A
- Blue: Tendinous cords (Chordae Tendineae)
- Dark green: Papillary muscles
19
Q
Identify
- Black arrow
- Red arrow
A
- black: Pulmonary valve
- Red: Conus arteriosus
20
Q
Identify # 4
A
Moderator band
21
Q
Identify # 2
A
Trabeculae carneae
22
Q
How many papillary muscles does the left and right venticules of the heart have?
A
- Left: 2
- Right: 3
23
Q
What is the atrioventricular valve on the left?
A
Mitral or Bicuspid valve
24
Q
Identify #1 and # 2
A
1: Aortic vestibule
25
Where would you auscultate the Aortic valve?
Right upper sternal border, 2nd intercostal
26
Where would you auscultate the pulmonary valve?
Left upper sternal border, 2nd intercostal space
27
Coronary arteries supply what?
* Myocardium
* Epicardium
* Chambers
28
Identify
* Black arrow
* Yellow pin
* Black arrow: Right coronary artery
* Pin: Sinuatrial nodal branch
29
Identify
Right marginal branch
30
Identify (green branch)
Posterior interventricular branch
31
Identify
1. Blue
2. Brown
3. Green
1. Blue: Left coronary artery
2. Brown: Circumflex branch
3. Green: Anterior interventricular branch (LAD)
32
What is an important artery that comes off of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery?
Left marginal branch
33
List the top three sites of coronary artery occlusion
1. Anterior Interventricular branch (LAD)
2. Right coronary artery
3. Circumflex branch
34
Identify
Great cardiac vein
35
Identify
Coronary Sinus
36
What vein runs with posterior interventricular artery?
Middle cardiac vein
37
What vein drians into the coronary sulcus and runs between the right atrium and ventricle
small cardiac vein
38
Coronary sinus empties directly into what?
Right atrium
39
Sympathetic innervation of the heart
* sympathetic chain
* cardiopulmonary splanchnic nn to cardiac plexus
* Action: Increase HR
40
Parasympathetic innervation of heart
* Vagus nerve (CN X)
* Cardiac plexus
* Action: Decrease HR
41
How does a person get referred cardiac pain
Cardiac pain follows sympathetic pathway back through posterior root of upper thoracic nerves and the pain is felt by the sensory dermatomes supplied by these thoracic nerves
42
What is the area that lies between pulmonary cavities and contains all non-lung thoracic viscera?
Mediastinum
43
What lymph organ is located anteriorly in the mediastinum?
Thymus
44
Identify
* b
* f
* b: arch of aorta
* f: Brachiocephalic trunk
45
Identify
* d
* e
* d: Left common carotid artery
* e: Right common carotid artery
46
Identify a and c
* a: Right subclavian artery
* c: Left subclavian artery
47
Identify (arrow)
Ligamentum arteriosum (remnant of ductus arteriosus)
48
Thoracic (descending) Aorta transverses what Thoracic vertebrae? Where does it go through the diaphragm?
* T4/5-T12
* Lies left of median plane
* Aortic hiatus
49
Identify (green)
Esophageal arteries (3-5)
50
Identify
Posterior Intercostal arteries (9 pairs)
51
Name the branches off of the thoracic aorta
1. Bronchial aa (1 pair)
2. Esophageal aa (3-5)
3. Posterior intercostal aa (9 pairs)
4. Subcostal aa (1 pair)
52
Identify a and b
* a: Superior Vena Cava
* b: Brachiocephalic vv
53
Identify c
Internal Jugular vv
54
Identify d and e
* d: Right subclavian v
* e: Left subclavian v
55
What does the Azygos system veins drain?
Back, Thoracoabdominal walls, mediastinum
56
Identify (black box)
Azygos vein
* Lies right of medial plane
* Drains to SVC
57
Identify red box
Accessory Hemiazygos vein
* Left of median plane
* Superior
* T8, turns medially and drains into azygos v
58
Identify green box
Hemiazygos veins
* Left of median plane
* Inferior
* T9, turns medially and drains into azygos v
59
Identify green and black arrow
Trachea
* L main bronchus
* R main bronchus
* Tracheal bifurcation T4/T5
60
Identify
Thoracic Duct
* Largest lymph vessel
61
Identify
Right lymphatic duct
* Drains into right venous angle
62
Identify (yellow)
Sympathetic trunks
* continuous in neck and abdomen
* give rise to abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
63
Name the three types of abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
* greater splanchnic nerve (T5-9)
* Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11)
* Least splanchnic nerve (T12)
64
What nerve comes off the vagus nerve and runs under the aortic arch
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
65
What nerve comes off the vagus nerve and runs under the Right Subclavian artery?
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
66
Vagus nerve creates three plexuses, name them
1. Cardiac plexus
2. Pulmonary plexus
3. Esophageal plexus
