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Anatomy Exam 2 > Heart and Mediastinum > Flashcards

Heart and Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Identify (blue arrow)

A

Fibrous pericardium

  • tough, inelastic, limits filling capacity
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2
Q

Identify

  • Black arrow
  • Red arrow
A

Serous pericardium: creates pericardial cavity; contains serous fluid

  1. black: Visceral layer
  2. red: Parietal layer
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3
Q

What is the innervation of the pericardium?

A
  • Somatic: Phrenic nn (C3-5)
  • Autonomics: Vagus (CN X), Sympathetic trunks
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4
Q

Identify

A

Vagus nerve

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5
Q

Identify

A

Phrenic nerve

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6
Q

Identify the blood supply of the pericardium

A
  • Pericardiacophrenic aa.
  • Pericardiacophrenic vv.
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7
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardium; causes audible friction and pain

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8
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

pressure on the heart caused by accumulation of fluid in pericardial space

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9
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

Drainage of fluid from pericardial cavity

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10
Q

Identify

A

Apex of heart

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11
Q

Identify

A

base of the heart (widest part) (lies around T6-T9)

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12
Q

Name the three layers of heart (from most superficial to most deep)

A
  1. Epicardium (Fat storage)
  2. Myocardium (muscular)
  3. Endocardium
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13
Q

Name blood supply through the heart

A
  1. Right atrium
  2. Right ventricle
  3. Pulmonary artery
  4. Pulmonary vein
  5. Left atrium
  6. Left ventricle
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14
Q
  1. Identify red arrow
  2. Identify green arrow
A
  1. interatrial septum
  2. interventricular septum
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15
Q

Identify

  1. Green arrow
  2. Black arrow
A
  1. Green: Crista Terminalis
  2. Black: Pectinate muscle
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16
Q

Identify

  • Red arrow
  • Blue arrow
A
  1. Red: Auricle
  2. Blue: Fossa ovalis
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17
Q

Identify

  • Light green arrow
A

Tricuspid (Right atrioventricular valve)

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18
Q

Identify

  1. Blue arrow
  2. Dark green arrow
A
  1. Blue: Tendinous cords (Chordae Tendineae)
  2. Dark green: Papillary muscles
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19
Q

Identify

  1. Black arrow
  2. Red arrow
A
  • black: Pulmonary valve
  • Red: Conus arteriosus
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20
Q

Identify # 4

A

Moderator band

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21
Q

Identify # 2

A

Trabeculae carneae

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22
Q

How many papillary muscles does the left and right venticules of the heart have?

A
  1. Left: 2
  2. Right: 3
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23
Q

What is the atrioventricular valve on the left?

A

Mitral or Bicuspid valve

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24
Q

Identify #1 and # 2

A

1: Aortic vestibule

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25
Q

Where would you auscultate the Aortic valve?

A

Right upper sternal border, 2nd intercostal

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26
Q

Where would you auscultate the pulmonary valve?

A

Left upper sternal border, 2nd intercostal space

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27
Q

Coronary arteries supply what?

A
  • Myocardium
  • Epicardium
  • Chambers
28
Q

Identify

  • Black arrow
  • Yellow pin
A
  • Black arrow: Right coronary artery
  • Pin: Sinuatrial nodal branch
29
Q

Identify

A

Right marginal branch

30
Q

Identify (green branch)

A

Posterior interventricular branch

31
Q

Identify

  1. Blue
  2. Brown
  3. Green
A
  1. Blue: Left coronary artery
  2. Brown: Circumflex branch
  3. Green: Anterior interventricular branch (LAD)
32
Q

What is an important artery that comes off of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery?

A

Left marginal branch

33
Q

List the top three sites of coronary artery occlusion

A
  1. Anterior Interventricular branch (LAD)
  2. Right coronary artery
  3. Circumflex branch
34
Q

Identify

A

Great cardiac vein

35
Q

Identify

A

Coronary Sinus

36
Q

What vein runs with posterior interventricular artery?

A

Middle cardiac vein

37
Q

What vein drians into the coronary sulcus and runs between the right atrium and ventricle

A

small cardiac vein

38
Q

Coronary sinus empties directly into what?

A

Right atrium

39
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the heart

A
  • sympathetic chain
  • cardiopulmonary splanchnic nn to cardiac plexus
  • Action: Increase HR
40
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of heart

A
  • Vagus nerve (CN X)
  • Cardiac plexus
  • Action: Decrease HR
41
Q

How does a person get referred cardiac pain

A

Cardiac pain follows sympathetic pathway back through posterior root of upper thoracic nerves and the pain is felt by the sensory dermatomes supplied by these thoracic nerves

42
Q

What is the area that lies between pulmonary cavities and contains all non-lung thoracic viscera?

A

Mediastinum

43
Q

What lymph organ is located anteriorly in the mediastinum?

A

Thymus

44
Q

Identify

  • b
  • f
A
  • b: arch of aorta
  • f: Brachiocephalic trunk
45
Q

Identify

  • d
  • e
A
  • d: Left common carotid artery
  • e: Right common carotid artery
46
Q

Identify a and c

A
  • a: Right subclavian artery
  • c: Left subclavian artery
47
Q

Identify (arrow)

A

Ligamentum arteriosum (remnant of ductus arteriosus)

48
Q

Thoracic (descending) Aorta transverses what Thoracic vertebrae? Where does it go through the diaphragm?

A
  • T4/5-T12
  • Lies left of median plane
  • Aortic hiatus
49
Q

Identify (green)

A

Esophageal arteries (3-5)

50
Q

Identify

A

Posterior Intercostal arteries (9 pairs)

51
Q

Name the branches off of the thoracic aorta

A
  1. Bronchial aa (1 pair)
  2. Esophageal aa (3-5)
  3. Posterior intercostal aa (9 pairs)
  4. Subcostal aa (1 pair)
52
Q

Identify a and b

A
  • a: Superior Vena Cava
  • b: Brachiocephalic vv
53
Q

Identify c

A

Internal Jugular vv

54
Q

Identify d and e

A
  • d: Right subclavian v
  • e: Left subclavian v
55
Q

What does the Azygos system veins drain?

A

Back, Thoracoabdominal walls, mediastinum

56
Q

Identify (black box)

A

Azygos vein

  • Lies right of medial plane
  • Drains to SVC
57
Q

Identify red box

A

Accessory Hemiazygos vein

  • Left of median plane
  • Superior
  • T8, turns medially and drains into azygos v
58
Q

Identify green box

A

Hemiazygos veins

  • Left of median plane
  • Inferior
  • T9, turns medially and drains into azygos v
59
Q

Identify green and black arrow

A

Trachea

  • L main bronchus
  • R main bronchus
  • Tracheal bifurcation T4/T5
60
Q

Identify

A

Thoracic Duct

  • Largest lymph vessel
61
Q

Identify

A

Right lymphatic duct

  • Drains into right venous angle
62
Q

Identify (yellow)

A

Sympathetic trunks

  • continuous in neck and abdomen
  • give rise to abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
63
Q

Name the three types of abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

A
  • greater splanchnic nerve (T5-9)
  • Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11)
  • Least splanchnic nerve (T12)
64
Q

What nerve comes off the vagus nerve and runs under the aortic arch

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

65
Q

What nerve comes off the vagus nerve and runs under the Right Subclavian artery?

A

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve

66
Q

Vagus nerve creates three plexuses, name them

A
  1. Cardiac plexus
  2. Pulmonary plexus
  3. Esophageal plexus

Anatomy Exam 2 (2 decks)

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