Thoracic Wall And Pleural Space Flashcards
How to collimating beam for thoracic radiograph
Thoracic inlet to caudal lung tips (last rib)
Thoracic spine to sternum
Inspiration
Caudal lung tips extend to T12
Diaphragm further from cardiac silhouette
Lungs have appropriate opacity
Expiration
Caudal lung tips cranial T12
Diaphragm closer to cardiac silhouette
Lungs have increased soft tissue capacity
Right lateral
Diaphragm crura parallel
Right crus cranial to left
CVC inserts into right
Heart is more oval
Left lateral
Diaphragm crura diverge dorsal lay
Left crus cranial to right
CVC inserts into right
Heart is more round
Landmarks for VD or DV
Sternum straight -lined up with spine Collimating - thoracic inlet to last rib Peak inspiration -maximized contrast
DV
Critical animals
Better visualization of caudal pulmonary vasculature
VD
Easier to get straight
Better visualization accessory long lobe and great vessels
VD projection
Diaphragm crura have 3 humps
Cardiac silhouette is more oval
DV projection
Diaphragm is one smooth curve
Cardiac silhouette is more round
Evaluation for pneumothorax
Doral recumbency horizontal beam
Left or right lateral horizontal beam
Cranial mediastinal evaluation
VD
Patient erect - horizontal beam
What is in indicator of appropriate mA
If the peripheral areas of the film are black
Degree of tissue penetration if a guide for
Kilovolt peak (kVp)
Diaphragm anatomy
Tendinous center Three thin peripheral muscles - pars lumbar is - pars costal is - pars sternalis
Pars lumbalis
Right and left crura
Pars costalis
Oblique attachment to 8th - 13th ribs
Pars sternalis
Attachment to xiphoid cartilage
Diaphragm anatomy
Tendinous center Three thin peripheral muscles - pars lumbar is - pars costal is - pars sternalis
Pars lumbalis
Right and left crura
Pars costalis
Oblique attachment to 8th - 13th ribs
Pars sternalis
Attachment to xiphoid cartilage
Diaphragm anatomy
Tendinous center Three thin peripheral muscles - pars lumbar is - pars costal is - pars sternalis
Pars lumbalis
Right and left crura
Pars costalis
Oblique attachment to 8th - 13th ribs
Pars sternalis
Attachment to xiphoid cartilage
Normal anatomy - cats
Triangular thorax
Heart tilted cranially
-increases with age
Deep-chested dogs
Tall, thin hearts
Upright heart position
-little sternal contact
-may appear small
“Wolf - like” dogs
Round squat hearts
Wider than tall
-more sternal contact
Ovoid on VD
Chondrodystophy breeds
Wide and shallow Short, round hears Hearts appear "large" -increased sternal contact Barrel chested Lots of mediastinal fat
