Mediastinum And Pulmonary Parenchyma

Question 1

Mediastinum

Answer 1

Two layers of pleura
Potential space
Thoracic inlet to diaphragm

Question 2

Mediastinum size

Answer 2

Less than 2 X the width of T2

Question 3

Cranial mediastinum stuctures seen radio graphically

Answer 3

Trachea
+/- esophagus
Cranial mediastinal reflection

Question 4

Neck flexible can cause

Answer 4

Focal ventral deviation of trachea

Question 5

Esophagus

Answer 5

Entire mediastinum
Left and dorsal to trachea
Normally not seen

Question 6

Esophagus normal appearance

Answer 6

Small volume luminal gaps can be seen
Can occasionally see caudal thoracic esophagus
(Especially on left lateral)

Question 7

Esophageal

Answer 7

Barium
-liquid, paste, food
Assess
- motility, muscosa, strictures, masses/foreign bodies

Question 8

Canine esophagus

Answer 8

100 % striated

Question 9

Feline esophagus

Answer 9

2/3 striated 1/3 smooth

Question 10

Structures seen radiographically from middle mediastinum

Answer 10

Esophagus (+/-)
Cardiac silhouette
Trachea/bifurcation

Question 11

Evaluation of cardiac size in dogs

Answer 11

Lateral
-2.3-3.5 intercostal spaces wide
VD
-half to 2/3 width of thorax

Question 12

Objective evaluation of cardiac size

Answer 12

Vertebral heart scale
-length
--carina to apex
-width
--perpendicular to length
Start at T4

Question 13

Vertebral heart scale for dogs and cats

Answer 13

Dog = 9.7 +/- 0.5
Cat = 7.5 +/- 0.3

Question 14

Clock face analogy lateral view

Answer 14

LA 12-3
LV 3-5
RV 5-730
RA 730-9
MPA 9-12

Question 15

Clock face analogy VD view

Answer 15

AA 11-1
MPA 1-2
LAu 2-3
LV 3-5
RV 530-930
RA 9-11

Question 16

Which side of the heart is big in PDA

Answer 16

Left

Question 17

Cardiac size evaluation in cats

Answer 17

Lateral
-2.0-2.5 intercostal spaces wide
VD
- ~1/2 to 2/3 the width of thorax
Excessive pericardial fat depostion

Question 18

Structures seen radiographically in caudal mediastinum

Answer 18

Descending aorta
Esophagus (+/-)
Caudal vena cava