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A&P 2 > Thoracic Wall Anatomy > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are is the post boundary and ant boundary for the thoracic wall?

what are the superior and floor boundaries?

A

post: vertebral column
ant: sternum

superior: 1st rib
floor: diaphragm (separates abs from thoracic cavity)

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2
Q

what is the anterior sternum divided into

A

manubrium
body of sternum
xyphoid process

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3
Q

what is the thoracic inlet?

A

upper border of the thoracic cavity (T1 vertebra) and follows the contour of rib 1 which articulates w/ the manubrium of sternum

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4
Q

why can’t rib 1 be palated (touched)

A

bc it is under the clavicle

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5
Q

what does thoracic outlet syndrom refer to?
what happens during this
what would a typical TOS pt look like
what is a typical treatmetn

A

refers to something going on in the thoracic inlet

  • compression of vessel and nerves in region of brachial plexus (btwn 1st rib and clavicle)
  • long thin women w/ drooping shoulders and long neck
  • physical treatment
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6
Q

wehre is the thoracic outlet

what does it separate

A

line starting from bottom of T12 and follows the contour of the lower edge of the ribs

  • follows inf costal margin
  • floor contains diaphragm
  • separates thorax above from abdomen below
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7
Q
  • where is rib 2 at
  • what is the most prominent vertebral spine you can feel
  • which ribs contact the sternum directly
  • which ribs attach to costal cartilage
  • which ribs are floating rib
A 
sternal angle
C7
first 7 ribs
8-10
11 and 12
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8
Q

what are costal cartilagse

  • what do the first 7 pairs connect with?
  • what are the next 3 articulted with?
  • what do the last 2 have
A

bars of hyaline cartilage that prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic wall

  • sternum
  • w/ the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib
  • last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen
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9
Q

where is open heart surgery performed

A

through the sternum

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10
Q 
where do these costal cartilages artifulate 
rib 1
rib 2
rib 3-7
rib 8-10
rib 11-12
rib 8-12
A
  • manubrium
  • sternal angle
  • sternum
  • articulate w/ cartilage of preceding rib
  • pointed ends (floating ribs)
  • false ribs
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11
Q

what are the 3 categories of joints?

what are their subcategories and examples?

A

fibrous

  • fibrous: ex suture. dense collagenous tissue
  • syndesmosis: ex fibrous sheet that allows bones to work together and rotate
  • comphosis: ex joint in gums which allows the root of the tooth to connect into the cxt tissue of gum

cartilaginous

  • synchondrosis: hyaline cartilage. present in the spiphysial plate of long bone
  • symphyses: fibrocartilage. ex. fibro disc present throughout the spinal column and elsewehre

synovial-space btwn articulated bones has fluid that lubricates and nourishes joint

  • present at membrane which caps 2 adjoining bones
  • cells secrete a fluid which allows for movement of joints (cuts down friction)
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12
Q

what is synchondrosis

what is symphysis

what is synovial

A

articulation of the 1st rib and the manubrium and xiphisternal joint
-hyaline cartilagionous linkage

fibrocartilaginous joints (the intervertebral discs int he back)

sterno-clavicular joint. allows for greatest degree of mevement. membrane lines the space btwn tibia and femur. cells lining the space btwn produce fluid allowing for movement of the joint

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13
Q

the rib makes 2 contacts with the vertebra, where are they?

A

1 on the transverse process

1 on the body

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14
Q

what is free movement due to? what does it maximize?

A

synovial joints

potential movement of ribs, relative to sternum and vertebral column during inhalation and exhalation

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15
Q

articulation of ribs 2-10 w/ sternum or preceding rib is via what?

A

synovial joint

costa-vertebral join
costo-transverse joint

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16
Q

waht ist he thoracic wall supplied by?

what do they run in

A

internal thoracic (aka internal mammary artery -branch of subclavian) and posterior intercostal arteries (branch off descending aota)

  • intercostal vein, artery, and nerve run in costal groove
  • this is dorsal to ventral
17
Q
  • the lateral cuntaneous branch of the nerve is ____ to the vessels
  • what is the main branch of the spinal nerve
A 
parallel 
ventral ramus (the intercostal nerve in VAN which travels in the groove of a rib)
18
Q

what are dermatomes

what does it mirror the distribution of?

A

the cutaneous distribution of a spinal nerve

intercostal nerve-the nerve doesn’t just innervate muscle, but the skin which runs above

19
Q

what is referred pain

A

pain from a malfunctioning or diseased body area is perceived in another area, often far from the origin

ex. pain in the left shoulder radiating down the arm-a sig symptom of heart attack
ex. appendix pain in the bottom right of the abdomen
- when the appendix is inflamed but not yet hitting the body wall, the referred pain gets transferred to the umbilicus

20
Q

what is the visceral layer
what is the pareital layer
what is the pleural space

A

covers organs-insensitive, has to do w/ the organ in questions

  • on the body wall-sensistive
  • space between them, is airtight. when intact, this allows the lungs to stay at an overall negative pressure-needed in order to maintain the lungs in their healthy position and inhalation
21
Q

where does the cupola extend

A

extends above the level of the thoracic inlet, into the neck
extends above the 1st rib
-higher up on right than left bc right lung extends higher than left

22
Q

what is a classic horner’s scenerario

A

a long term smoke w/ a growth on the right lung (behind cupola) impacts sympathetic innervation heading up to superior cervical ganglion in the neck

23
Q

what are some symptoms of horner’s syndrome

A

unilateral miosis-bc sympathetic is down/para rules
facial anhydrosis-dryness from lack of sweating
ptosis - failure to stimulate Muller’s muscle

24
Q

what is congenital horner’s

A

heterochromia (diff colored eyes) -sympathetic system plays a role in the pigmentation of the iris

25
Q

what is the most imoprtant respiratory muscle

A

diaphragm

26
Q

what do external intercostal muscles do

A

head medialy and inf to the rib below

-when they contract, they help elevate the ribs for inspiration

27
Q

what is expiration primarily due to
what plays a role
waht plays a role in forced expiration

A

due to elastic recoil of the lung and thoracic cage

  • internal intercostals
  • external intercostals, scalene, abdominal muscles

A&P 2 (8 decks)

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