Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

gross anatomy unit 2 > thoracic wall > Flashcards

thoracic wall Flashcards

1
Q

thorax location

A

between the neck and diaphragm muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

thorax shape

A

a barrel that is narrow at the top and wider at the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

components of the thoracic cavity

A

contains the thymus, heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, nerves and vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

components of the thoracic wall

A

surrounds contents of the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

posterior boundary of the thoracic wall

A

T1 through T12 vertebral bodies and their intervening intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lateral boundary of the thoracic wall

A

12 pairs of ribs and their costal cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

anterior boundary of the thoracic wall

A

sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

superior boundary of the thoracic wall

A

“thoracic inlet”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thoracic inlet

A

a small opening bounded by T1 vertebral body, inner margins of ribs 1 and their costal cartilages, and the manubrium of the sternum

slopes obliquely downward from posterior to anterior; forms a plane; apices of the lungs rise through this inlet to the roots of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

inferior boundary of the thoracic cavity

A

“thoracic outlet”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

thoracic outlet

A

demarcatd by the diaphragm muscle, a parachute-shaped muscle that arises from the inner margins of the thoracic cage, T12 vertebra, and ribs 12

the diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. because the diaphragm arises partly from ribs 12 and domes upward at a steep angle, it is lower posteriorly than anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

manubrium

A

has a jugular notch, clavicular notches for articulation iwth the clavicles,and articulates with the costal cartilages of ribs 1 and 2. the first sternocostal joints are primary cartilaginous joints in which cartilage is fused to bone, allowing no movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

body of the sternum

A

articulates with the manubrium at the sternal angle; the sternal angle is located at the manubriosternal joint (a secondary cartilaginous joint that allows some movement); costal cartilages of ribs 2 articulate at the sternal angle, and the costal cartilages of ribs 3-7 articulate with the sternum inferior to the sternal angle; stenocostal joints 2-7 are all synovial joints and are all moveable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

xiphoid process

A

articulates with the body at the xiphisternal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sternal angle

A

forms a horizontal palpable ridge of the chest and is a landmark for counting ribs and counting intercostal spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

counting ribs

A

begin with ribs 2 at the sernal angle and move inferiorly, counting each successive rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

counting intercostal spaces

A

there are 11 intercostal spaces and each is named by the number of rib above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

transverse thoracic plane

A

marks the level of the intervertebral disc between T4 and T5 vertebrae, the bifurcation of the trachea, and the beginning and end of the aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

true ribs

A

ribs 1-7; articulate directly with the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

false ribs

A

ribs 8-10; articulate indirectly witht he sternum; each costal cartilage joins the one immediately above; costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 form a costal margin on each side of the thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

floating ribs

A

ribs 11&12 - no articulation with the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

typical ribs coponents

A

head
neck
articular tubercle
shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

head of ribs

A

articulates with vertebral bodies (of the same number and the one above) and the intervening intervertebral disc at the costoverterbal joint (synovial joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

neck of ribs

A

between the head and tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

articular tubercle

A

articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra (of the same number) at the costotransverse joint (synovial joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

shaft of the ribs

A

thin and curved; maximum curvature occurs at the angle; internal surface has a costal groove along its inferior border for passage of intercostal nerve and vessels forward; ends in a depression for articulation with the costal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

atypical ribs

A

ribs 1, 2, 10, 11, 12

lack one or more features of a typical rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

inspiratory movements

A

increase thoracic cavity size and lower its pressure so air can flow down the respiratory passages into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

main inspiratory movement

A

contraction of the diaphragm; the diaphragm drops on contraction, increasing the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

pump handle movement

A

forced inspiration

elevation of upper ribs moves the sternum up and forward, increasing the anteroposterior dimension of the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

bucket handle movement

A

forced inspiration

elevation of lower ribs increases the transverse dimension of the thoracic cavity, “bucket handle” movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

expiratory movements

A

opposite to inspiratory movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

intercostal muscles

A

muscles of the thoracic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

location of the intercostal muscles

A

intercostal spaces between the ribs

35
Q

function of the intercostal muscles

A

keep the intercostal space taut, preventing it from being sucked in on inspiration and bulging out on expiration

36
Q

arrangement of intercostal muscles

A

3 thin layers

37
Q

external intercostal muscles

A

superficial layer; arise from the rib above and insert on the rib below; fibers run downward and medially like fibers when hands are in the front pockets; anteriorly are replaced by external intercostal membranes; raise the ribs in forced inspiration

38
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A

middle layer; fibers are at right angles to those of the external intercostals; lower the ribs on forced expiration

39
Q

innermost intercostal muscle group

A

deep layer; consists of 3 muscle groups interconnected by membrane; includes transversus thoracis mm (anterior group), innnermost intercostal mm (lateral group), and subcostal mm (posterior group), lower the ribs in forced expiration

40
Q

neurovascular plane location

A

between the internal intercostal and innermost intercostal mm.

41
Q

neurovascular plane contents

A

anterior and posterior intercostal veins, anterior and posterior intecostal arteries, and intercostal nerve as they run in an intercostal space sheltered by the costal groove of a rib (a “VAN” arrangement, from superior to inferior)

42
Q

nerves of the throacic wall

A

intercostal nerves

43
Q

intercostal nerves

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves T1-T11

44
Q

branches of the intercostal nerves

A

each nerve typically gives off muscular branches, a lateral cutaneous branch, and an anterior cutaneous branch; intercostal vessels accompany the intercostal nerve and its branches along their course

45
Q

function of intercostal nerves

A

motor fibers innervate intercostal muscles

sensory fibers receive sensation from a discrete dermatome

sympathetic fibers supply blood vessels and sweat glands (THERE IS NO PARASYMPATHETICSUPPLY TO THE BODY WALL)

46
Q

7th-11th intercostal nerves

A

thoracoabdominal nerves because they leave the thoracic neurovascular plane and enter the neurovascular plane between the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles; these nervres transmit motor, sensory, and sympathetic fibers to the thoracic and abdominal walls

47
Q

posterior intercostal arteries

A

supply most of the thoracic wall; most are branches of the descending aorta; anastomose with the smaller anterior intercostal artiers

48
Q

anterior intercostal arteries

A

arise from an internal thoracic (internal mammary) artery or branch of it, the musculophrenic artery (follows the costal margin); each internal thoracic artery is a branch of the subclavian artery

49
Q

anterior intercostal veins

A

empty into the musculophrenic and internal thoracic veins; each internal thoracic vein drainsinto the brachiocephalic vein on its respectiveside

50
Q

posterior intervostal veins

A

drain most of the thoracic wall; most drain into veins on each side of the vertebral column; empty into the accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins on the left and the azygos vein on the right; accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins cross the midline to drain into the azygos vein; the azygos vein drains into the superior vena cava

51
Q

compartments of the thorax

A

2 lateral compartments

1 central compartment

52
Q

2 lateral compartments of the thorax

A

each contains a lung surrounded by its pleural sac; are separate from each other and occupy the majority of the thoracic cavity

53
Q

1 central compartment of the thorax

A

the mediastinum

54
Q

superior mediastinum

A

lies between the thoracic inlet and the transverse throacic plane

55
Q

inferior mediastinum

A

lies between the transverse thoracic plane and the diaphragm; is subdivided into anterior, middle, and posterior mediastina

56
Q

visceral pleura

A

covers the lung; firmly adheres to its surfaces and dips into its fissures

57
Q

parietal pleura

A

remaining portion; is continuous with the visceral pleura at the hilum of the lung (where lung root structures enter and exit the lung)

58
Q

pleural cavity location and contents

A

space between visceral and parietal layers of the pleural sac; contains only a thin film of pleural fluid

59
Q

plueral fluid functions

A

lubrication allows visceral and parietal pleura to slide past each other without friction

surface tension keeps visceral pleura close to parietal pleura during breathing movements

60
Q

cervical pleura

A

extends the lung apex

61
Q

costal pleura

A

lines the inner surface of the throacic cage

62
Q

mediastinal pleura

A

lies against the meidastinum; also surrounds the lung root as the “pleural seeve: and continues inferiorly as a thin fold, the “pulmonary ligament”

63
Q

diaphragmatic pleura

A

lies on the upper surface of the diaphragm

64
Q

lines of pleural reflection

A

abrupt lines along whihc the parietal pleura changes direction from one wall of the pleural cavity to another

65
Q

sternal lines of reflection

A

located anteriorly where costal pleura meets mediastinal pleura

66
Q

costal lines of reflection

A

located inferiorly where costal pleura meets diaphragmatic pleura

67
Q

sternal reflection lines

A

both (right and left) descend to 4th costal cartilage; left runs laterally then down to the 6th costal cartilage; on the left, note that an area of pericardium covering the heart, the “bare area,” is not covered by parietalpleura; this allows surgical access to the heart without incising the left pleural sac

68
Q

costal reflection lines

A

both run laterally and inferiorly from the 6th costal cartilages

69
Q

pleural recesses

A

slit-like spaces of the pleural cavity not occupied by lungs during expiration

70
Q

costomediastinal recesses

A

located posterior to sternum, where costal pleura is closely apposed to mediastinal pleura

71
Q

costodiaphragmatic recesses

A

located inferiorly, where costal pleura is closely apposed to diaphragmatic pleural

72
Q

after exhaling, the visceral pleura and basal lung surface are

A

2 ribs above the extent of the pleural cavity

73
Q

visceral pleura and basal lung surface extend as low as rib ___ in the mid-clavicular (sagittal line midway through clavicle)

A

6

74
Q

visceral pleura and basal lung surface extend as low as rib ___ in the mid-axillary line (sagittal line midway through axilla)

A

8

75
Q

visceral pleura and basal lung surface extend as low as rib ___ in the scapularline (sagittal line through inferior angle of scapula)

A

10

76
Q

parietal pleura and basal lung surface extend as low as rib ___ in the mid-clavicular (sagittal line midway through clavicle)

A

8

77
Q

parietal pleura and basal lung surface extend as low as rib ___ in the mid-axillary line (sagittal line midway through axilla)

A

10

78
Q

parietal pleura and basal lung surface extend as low as rib ___ in the scapularline (sagittal line through inferior angle of scapula)

A

12

79
Q

how deep is the costodiaphragmatic recess

A

about 2 intercostal spaces deep

80
Q

prior to inspiration

A

parietal pleura lying against ribs and on the surface of the diaphragm are closely apposed and exclude lung and visceral pleura; net is a 2 rib difference between visceral and parietal pleura within the costodiaphragmatic recess with lungs at rest

81
Q

at rest

A

diaphragm drops on contraction, lowering the “closed angle” between costal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura inside the costodiaphragmatic recess; lung and its covering of visceral pleura rush into this space; result is the 2 rib difference now diminishes

82
Q

pneumothroax

A

presence of air in the pleural cavity; it is commonly caused by a bullet wound to the chest; the bullet punctures the thoracic wall and parietal pleura, admitting air into the pleural cavity; the lung and visceral pleura may also be penetrated, admitting air into the pleural cavity. as a result, surface tension between parietal and visceral pleura is lost and the lung collapses; treatmentis insertion of a chest tube

83
Q

tube thoracotomy

A

a skin incision is made in an intercostal space parallel to the rib; tube is inserted upward over the upper border of the rib above (avoids the intercostal VAN running along the costal groove), through the intercostal space, and into the pleural cavity; tube is advanced upward in the pleural cavity and air is evacuated to re-inflate the lung

gross anatomy unit 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions