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Gross Anatomy II Unit II > Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the sternum important?

A

It is a major site for RBC production

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2
Q

Which part of the sternum forms the jugular notch?

A

Manubrium

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3
Q

Which part of the sternum contains costal cartilage of the second rib that articulates directly with the manubriosternal joint?

A

Body

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4
Q

Which part of the sternum is cartilaginous at birth and slowly ossifies throughout life?

A

Xiphoid process

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5
Q

What structure is commonly broken during CPR?

A

Xiphoid process

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6
Q

What forms the sternal angle?

A

The articulation of the manubrium with the body of the sternum

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7
Q

What vertebral level is the sternal angle found?

A

The intervertebral disc between T4 and T5

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8
Q

What is the superior opening of the thoracic cage?

A

The superior thoracic aperture

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9
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture bounded by? (3)

A

1) Manubrium
2) First rib
3) First thoracic vertebra

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10
Q

What is the inferior opening of the thoracic cage?

A

Inferior thoracic aperature

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11
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture bounded by? (5)

A

1) Xiphoid process
2) Costal margin
3) 12th rib
4) Distal end of 11th rib
5) 12th thoracic vertebra

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12
Q

What are the true ribs and how do they articulate with the sternum?

A

Ribs 1-7

Articulate with the sternum directly through their own costal cartilages

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13
Q

What are the false ribs and how to they articulate with the sternum?

A

1) Ribs 8-10: articulate with the sternum indirectly by attaching to the costal cartilage of the rib above
2) Ribs 11 and 12: not connected to the sternum at all

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14
Q

What are the typical ribs?

A

3-9

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15
Q

What are the atypical ribs?

A

1, 2, 10,11, and 12

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16
Q

What is the morphology of a typical rib? (6)

A

Head, neck, tubercle, angle, shaft, costal groove

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17
Q

Name the 3 functions of the thoracic cage.

A

1) Protection of thoracic and upper abdominal organs
2) Muscle attachments
3) Respiration

18
Q

What is the 2nd most important muscle for inspiration?

A

External Intercostal Muscle

19
Q

O, I, A, N of External Intercostal Muscle

A

O: lower border of ribs 1 to 11
I: upper border of ribs 2 to 12
A: elevates the ribs in inspiration
N: corresponding intercostal nerve

20
Q

O, I, A, N of External Intercostal Muscle

A

O: lower border of ribs 1 to 11
I: upper border of ribs 2 to 12
A: elevates the ribs in inspiration
N: corresponding intercostal nerve

21
Q

O, I, A, N of Internal Intercostal Muscle

A

O: the upperborder of ribs 2 to 12
I: the lower border of ribs 1 to 11
A: depresses the ribs in forced expiration
N: corresponding intercostal nerve

22
Q

O, I, A, N of the Innermost Intercostal Muscle

A

O: the upper border of ribs 2 to 12
I: the lower of ribs 1 to 11
A: Depresses the ribs in forced expiration
N: corresponding intercostal nerve

23
Q

O, I, A, N of the Subcostalis Muscle

A

O: inner surface of ribs near their angles
I: the muscle crosses a rib without inserting and then inserts into the rib above that
A: depresses the ribs in forced expiration
N: intercostal nerve

24
Q

O, I, A, N of the Transversus Thoracis Muscle

A

O: posterior surface of lower sternal body and xiphoid process
I: inner surface of costal cartilages 2 to 6
A: depresses the ribs in forced expiration
N: intercostal nerve

25
Q

What artery and its branches supplies the anterior aspect of the thoracic wall?

A

Internal thoracic artery

26
Q

Name the branches of the internal thoracic artery. (4)

A

1) Pericardiacophrenic artery
2) Anterior intercostal arteries
3) Musculophrenic artery
4) Superior epigastric artery

27
Q

What arteries supply the posterior aspect of the thoracic wall? (3)

A

1) Supreme (superior) intercostal artery
2) Third through eleventh posterior intercostal arteries
3) Subcostal artery

28
Q

What vein drains the anterior aspect of the thoracic wall?

A

Internal thoracic vein (into the brachiocephalic vein)

29
Q

What vein drains the posterior aspect of the thoracic wall?

A

Azygos system of veins

30
Q

On the right and left side of the azygos system, what does the 1st posterior intercostal vein drain into?

A

The brachiocephalic vein

31
Q

On the right side of the azygos system, what does the 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal veins join together to form?

A

The superior intercostal vein, which drains into the azygos vein

32
Q

On the right side of the azygos system, what does the 4th through the 11th posterior intercostal veins and subcostal vein drain into?

A

Directly into the azygos vein

33
Q

On the left side of the azygos system, what does the 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal veins join together to form?

A

The superior intercostal vein, which drains into the left brachiocephalic vein

34
Q

On the left side of the azygos system, what does the 4th and 8th posterior intercostal vein join together to form?

A

The accessory hemiazygous vein, which drains into the azygous vein

35
Q

On the left side of the azygos system, what does the 9th through the 11th posterior intercostal veins and the subcostal vein join to form?

A

The hemiazygous vein, which drains into the azygos vein

36
Q

The azygous and hemiazygos veins represent the thoracic continuation of which veins?

A

The right and left ascending lumbar veins

37
Q

What are the two nerves of the thoracic wall?

A

1) Intercostal nerves- the anterior primary rami of the first 11 thoracic spinal nerves
2) Subcostal nerve- the anterior primary ramus of the 12th thoracic spinal nerve

38
Q

Name the 12 layers of the thoracic wall. (Figure 3.26B)

A

1) Skin
2) Superficial Fascia
3) Deep Fascia
4) Serratus anterior
5) External intercostal muscle
6) Internal intercostal muscle
7) Innermost intercostal muscle
8) Endothoracic fascia
9) Parietal pleura
10) Pleural cavity
11) Visceral pleura
12) Lung

39
Q

What is the function of the endothoracic fascia?

A

To prevent the innermost intercostal muscle from rubbing against the parietal pleura

40
Q

What is the thickening of the fascia over the apex of the lung called?

A

Suprapleural membrane

41
Q

What structures does the typical intercostal space include?

A

1) Intercostal vein
2) Intercostal Artery
3) Intercostal Nerve

42
Q

What two muscles is the typical intercostal space sandwiched in between?

A

The internal and innermost intercostal muscles

Gross Anatomy II Unit II (8 decks)

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