Thoracic Viscera

Question 1

thorax function

Answer 1

protect thoracic organs
resist negative pressure during inhalation
provide attachment and support for UE joints and muscles

Question 2

thoracic aperture

Answer 2

superior (thoracic inlet)
inferior (thoracic outlet)

Question 3

thorax internal spaces

Answer 3

right and left pulmonary cavities
mediastinum

Question 4

mediastinum

Answer 4

central thoracic compartment between pulmonary cavities
superior
posterior
middle
anterior

Question 5

right and left atrium

Answer 5

lined with pectinate muscles
separated by interatrial septum
fossa ovalis in interatrial septum

Question 6

AV valves

Answer 6

chordae tendinae: anchor tricuspid (right) and mitral (left) valves to papillary muscles

Question 7

pulomonic valve

Answer 7

semilunar valve, 3 cusps

Question 8

aortic valve

Answer 8

semilunar valve, 3 cusps

Question 9

order of blood flow through the heart

Answer 9

a. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart from the superior and inferior
vena cava
b. Right atrium
c. Tricuspid valve
d. Right ventricle
e. Pulmonary semilunar valve (pulmonic valve)
f. Pulmonary trunk  Left and right pulmonary arteries
g. Lungs
h. Pulmonary veins
i. Left atrium
j. Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
k. Left ventricle
l. Aortic valve (aortic semilunar valve)
m. Aorta -> takes oxygenated blood to the body

Question 10

SA node

Answer 10

inherent rhythm 60-100bpm

Question 11

AV node

Answer 11

inherent rhythm 40-60 bpm

Question 12

AV bundle

Answer 12

inherent rhythm 15-40 bpm, run through fibrous septum between atria and ventricles

Question 13

AV bundle branches

Answer 13

split and spread conduction downward into each ventricle

Question 14

moderator band

Answer 14

part of right AV bundle carried in trabeculae carneae muscle from IV septum towards papillary muscle

Question 15

purkinje fibers

Answer 15

small branches off AV bundle branches

Question 16

fibrous pericardium

Answer 16

dense connective tissue continuous with adventitia (outer covering) of great vessels superiorly and connected to central tendon of diaphragm inferiorly

Question 17

serous pericardium

Answer 17

parietal layer: lining fibrous pericardium, creates a continuous sac with visceral pericardium
visceral layer is the epicardium

Question 18

neurovascular supply to pericardium

Answer 18

arterial supply: pericardiophrenic artery (off internal thoracic)
innervation: phrenic nerve, vagus nerves, sympathetic trunk (vasomotor)