Thoracic spine and deformity

Question 1

why there is low flexibility on thoracic spine

Answer 1

costa articulation
disc size
spinous processes

Question 2

about thoracic spine

Answer 2

12vertebra
longest
most complex
common site for cancer metastases
least common place for MSD

Question 3

what limits posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 3

it is limited by tension on ligamentum flavum and capsule
flexion 30-40 degrees

Question 4

extension of 20-25 is limited by

Answer 4

bone structure and tension on anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 5

rotation limited by

Answer 5

Costas at 30 degrees

Question 6

lateral flexion is limited by

Answer 6

facet joint and ribs at 25 degrees

Question 7

accessory muscles for inspiration

Answer 7

scalene
scm
pectoralis
latissimus
serratus
superior muscles

Question 8

factors causing thoracic back pain

Answer 8

overuse
inflammation of the muscles or soft tissue

Question 9

inflammation of the soft tissues is due to

Answer 9

sudden sprain or stain
slouched position over time
backpack
long sitting
lack of muscular strength

Question 10

thoracic outlet

Answer 10

space between lower neck and upper chest where grouping of nerves and blood vessels are found

Question 11

what divide the canal

Answer 11

1st rib
proximal and distal

Question 12

proximal part

Answer 12

consist of scalene triangle and costoclavicular space
most critical
bounded superiorly by clavicle and sub clavicle muscles
inferiorly by 1st rib
anteromedially by sternum, clavipectal facia and costocoracoid ligament
posteriorly by scalenus and long thoracic nerve

Question 13

thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 13

a group of disorders due to nerve and/or blood vessel compression, irradiation or injury

Question 14

what causes TOS

Answer 14

force on subclavian vascular, nerve and brachial plexus in thoracic inlet

Question 15

types of TOS

Answer 15

neurogenic [neurologic]
venous [Paget -Schroetter disease]
arterial

Question 16

neurogenic

Answer 16

compression of brachial plexus

Question 17

symptoms of neurogenic

Answer 17

weakness/numbness of the hand
neck pain
decreased size of muscles
occipital headache
pseudo angina
Raynaud’s phenomena

Question 18

venous TOS

Answer 18

when one or more veins under clavicle is compressed causing blood clots

Question 19

symptoms of venous TOS

Answer 19

swelling
arm and neck weakness
swollen veins [dilated]

Question 20

Arterial TOS

Answer 20

least common
most dangerous
congenital
compression of artery under the collar bone resulting to artery bulging

Question 21

symptoms of arterial TOS

Answer 21

cold sensitivity
poor blood circulation

Question 22

treatments of TOS

Answer 22

control of symptoms
muscle stretching
correction patient breathing
postural exercise
nerve mobilization