Thoracic spine and deformity Flashcards
why there is low flexibility on thoracic spine
costa articulation
disc size
spinous processes
about thoracic spine
12vertebra
longest
most complex
common site for cancer metastases
least common place for MSD
what limits posterior longitudinal ligament
it is limited by tension on ligamentum flavum and capsule
flexion 30-40 degrees
extension of 20-25 is limited by
bone structure and tension on anterior longitudinal ligament
rotation limited by
Costas at 30 degrees
lateral flexion is limited by
facet joint and ribs at 25 degrees
accessory muscles for inspiration
scalene
scm
pectoralis
latissimus
serratus
superior muscles
factors causing thoracic back pain
overuse
inflammation of the muscles or soft tissue
inflammation of the soft tissues is due to
sudden sprain or stain
slouched position over time
backpack
long sitting
lack of muscular strength
thoracic outlet
space between lower neck and upper chest where grouping of nerves and blood vessels are found
what divide the canal
1st rib
proximal and distal
proximal part
consist of scalene triangle and costoclavicular space
most critical
bounded superiorly by clavicle and sub clavicle muscles
inferiorly by 1st rib
anteromedially by sternum, clavipectal facia and costocoracoid ligament
posteriorly by scalenus and long thoracic nerve
thoracic outlet syndrome
a group of disorders due to nerve and/or blood vessel compression, irradiation or injury
what causes TOS
force on subclavian vascular, nerve and brachial plexus in thoracic inlet
types of TOS
neurogenic [neurologic]
venous [Paget -Schroetter disease]
arterial
