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Axial Anatomy > Thoracic Spine > Flashcards

Thoracic Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of Rectus Abdominus

A

Pubic Symphysis and Pubic Crest

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2
Q

Insertion of Rectus Abdominus

A

Xiphoid Process , Costal Cartilages of ribs 5-7

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3
Q

Action of Rectus Abdominus

A

Trunk Flexion , Compression of Abdominal viscera and Expiration

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4
Q

Origin of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternal head: superior part of anterior surface of manubrium sterni
Clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of the clavicle

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5
Q

Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process , Lateral half of superior nuchal line.

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6
Q

Action of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Unilateral contraction ,neck ipsilateral flexion, neck contralateral rotation
Bilateral contraction: Atlantooccipital joint/ head/neck.
extension
flexion
Sternoclavicular joint: elevation

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7
Q

Origin of the Diaphragm

A

Sternal part: Posterior aspect of xiphoid process
Costal part: Internal surfaces of lower costal cartilages and ribs 7-12
Lumbar part: Medial and lateral arcuate ligaments (lumbocostal arches), bodies of vertebrae L1-L3 (+intervertebral discs), anterior longitudinal ligament

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8
Q

Insertion of the Diaphragm

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

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9
Q

Action of the Diaphragm

A

Depresses costal cartilages, primary muscle of breathing (inspiration)

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10
Q

Origin of the Intercostal Muscles

A

External Intercostals - Inferior Border of a rib ventrocaudally
Internal Intercostals - Inferior border of 1-11 ribs
Innermost Intercostals- Inferior borders 1- 11 ribs

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11
Q

Insertion of the Intercostal Muscles

A

External Intercostals- Upper border of the rib below
Internal Intercostals- Ventrocranially to superior borders of the ribs and costal cartilages below
Innermost intercostals - Behind the costal grooves.

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12
Q

Action of the intercostal Muscles

A

Internal Intercostals - Tense the intercostal spaces during deep inspiration and support the breathing mechanism .
External Intercostals - Elevation of the ribs, Inspiratory breathing muscles
Internal and innermost - Lower the ribs ( Expiratory breathing muscles)

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13
Q

State the features of the Thoracic Cage

A
  • Vertebral Column
  • Ribs
  • Intercostal Space
  • Costal Cartilage
  • Sternum
  • 12 thoracic vertebrae and pairs of ribs
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14
Q

State the Importance of the Thoracic Cage

A
  • Protection to Vital organs
  • Provides muscle attachments
  • Assists respiration
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15
Q

Describe the curvature of the Thoracic Spine

A

Kyphotic Spine

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16
Q

Label a Typical Thoracic Vertebrae

A
  • Round body
  • Long Slated SP
  • Costal facet x4
  • Rib facet x2 TP
  • Pedicles
  • Lamina
  • Articular facets more in a vertical plane.
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17
Q

State the 4 Atypical Vertebrae and their reasoning

A

T1 - Single Facet ( demi facet)
T10- Single Facet ( demi facet)no inferior
T11- Single Facet ( demi facet) no inferior
T12- no costotransverse facet

18
Q

Explain the Thoracic rule of 3

A 
T123 - TP equal level to SP
T456 - TP 1/2 level above SP 
T789 -  TP 1 level above SP
T10 - TP 1 level above SP 
T11 - TP 1/2 level above SP
T12- TP equal level to SP
19
Q

What are the True Ribs?

A

Upper 7 ribs - Ribs articulating directly with the true sternum

20
Q

What are the False Ribs?

A

Remaining 5 ribs - Does not articulate directly to the Sternum , first 3 attach to the costal cartilage of the ribs above

21
Q

Give the features of a typical rib and label on a diagram

A
  • Head
  • 2 demi facets
  • Tubercle - articulation with transverse process and non articular surface
  • Posterior angle
  • Shaft
  • Costocondryal junction- Costal cartilage
22
Q

Describe the Structure of the First Rib

A
  • Flat
  • Slopes inferiorly
  • Attaches to Manubrium
  • Scalene Tubercle
  • 2x subclavian grooves
  • Rib 2 , similar structure but twice as long
23
Q

Give the contents of the Intercostal Space

A
  • Neurovascular Bundle - Intercostal nerve , intercostal artery and vein
  • The 3 Layers of Intercostal muscles
24
Q

What are the three layers of Intercostal Muscle?

A
  • External
  • Internal
  • Innermost
25
Q

State 3 clinical features of the Spinal Nerve in the Thoracic Spine

A
  • Spinal canal nerve narrow
  • Ventral ramus runs in intercostal space
  • Irritation of Thoracic nerve root can produce pain radiating around the chest wall in Sloping direction - path of ribs
26
Q

What are the joints located between Thoracic Vertebrae called? + type of joint

A
  • Facet / Zygopophyseal Joints

- Synovial Plane

27
Q

What are the joints located between ribs and vertebrae called? + type of joint

A
  • Costovertebral joints
  • Costotransverse Joints
  • Synovial plane
28
Q

What are the joints located between cartilage and ribs called? + type of joint

A
  • Costochondral Joint - Primary cartilaginous

- Interchondral Joint - Synovial plane

29
Q

What are the joints of sternum called?

A

Sternocostal Joints

30
Q

What type of articulation occurs between Rib 1 and the Manubrium?

A
  • Primary cartilaginous joint in which hyaline cartilage unites the first rib to manubrium of the sternum.
31
Q

What type of joints are other true ribs of the Sternum?

A
  • Synovial plane joints of costal cartilage
32
Q

Briefly describe the movements available in the Thoracic Spine

A
  • Relatively less mobile than cervical and lumbar
  • Rotation greatest range
  • Flexion and lateral Flexion are more restricted due to SP and orientation of the facets
33
Q

What accessory movements would you demonstrate in your OSCE?

A
  • Central PA - Spinous process
    -Unilateral PA - Transverse process
    -Unilateral PA - Rib angle
    Grades I , II , III,IV and V
34
Q

What type of joint is an Intervertebral joint?

A
  • Secondary cartilaginous vertebral end plate , consisting of hyaline cartilage
35
Q

Give the Structure of Nucleus Pulposus

A
  • Semi-fluid - Mucoid material
  • 88% water
  • deformed under pressure
  • Transmit pressure in all direction
36
Q

Give the Structure of Annulus Fibrous

A
  • Ring of fibres
  • 60-70% of water
  • Collagen fibres layered in sheets of lamelle
  • Thicker centrally - Ant
  • Thinner - post
  • Resist Buckling
37
Q

Give the Structure of the Sternum

A
  • Manubrium - Manubriosternal Joint
  • Body - Sternoclavicular Joint
  • Xiphoid process- Xiphisternal Joint
  • Attachment of ribs
38
Q

What is Pump Handle?

A
  • Anterior end of the ribs move forward and upwards with anterior movement of the sternum
39
Q

What is Bucket Handle?

A
  • Rotation of the ribs and increase in transverse diameter
40
Q

Where does the message for respiration come from in the brain?

A

Medulla Oblongata

41
Q

What muscles aid respiratory stress during inspiration / forced inspiration ?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • pect minor and major
  • serratus anterior
  • lat Dorsi
  • quadratus lumborum
  • scaleni
42
Q

What are the muscles of forced expiration?

A

Lat dorsi

Rectus abdominus

Axial Anatomy (3 decks)

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