Cervical Spine Flashcards
Action of Longus Colli
flexion and rotation
Action of Splenius Capitis
Unilateral contraction producing ipsilateral rotation and Bilateral Extension of the head
Action of Rectus Capitis Anterior and Lateralis
Lateralis- Unilateral contraction producing Ipsilateral side flexion
Anterior- Bilateral Flexion of the Head
Origin of Upper Trapezius
- External Occipital protuberance
- Superior Nuchal line
- Nuchal Ligament
- SP of C7 Vertebrae
Insertion of Upper Trapezius
- Post Lat 1/3 of Clavicle
- Acromion of scapula
Action of Upper Trapezius
-Bilateral extension of the Head and Neck
-Unilateral contraction resulting in Ipsilateral side flexion of the Head and Neck
As well as Elevation, retraction and rotation of the shoulder
Origin of Scalene
Anterior- Transverse processes C3-C6
Medius- Transverse processes of C2-C7
Posterior- Transverse processes of C4-C6
Origin of Scalene
Anterior- Transverse processes C3-C6
Medius- Transverse processes of C2-C7
Posterior- Transverse processes of C4-C6
Action of Longus Colli
Bilaterally Extends and unilaterally side flexes the neck at cervical vertebral joints
Action of Longissimus Colli
Bilaterally Extends and unilaterally side flexes the neck at cervical vertebral joints
Action of Longissimus Capitis
Bilateral extension , unilateral contraction producing ipsilateral rotation and side flexion of the head.
Origin of Sternocleidomastoid
Sternal Head- Anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Clavicular Head- Med 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid
Sternal Head and Clavicular Head - Mastoid process , Superior nuchal line
Action of Sternocleidomastoid
Bilateral Flexion, Unilaterally contraction resulting in ipsilateral side flexion and rotation.
Origin of Levator Scapulae
- Transverse processes of C1-C2
- Posterior tubercles of C3 - C4
Insertion of Levator Scapulae
- Superior Angle of Scapula
- Medial border of Scapular superior to spine of scapula
Action of Levator Scapulae
- Bilateral extension of the neck
- Unilateral contraction resulting in ipsilateral side flexion.
Brief overview of Semispinalis Capitis
- Bilateral extension of the head
- Ipsilateral rotation of the head
- O - Articular process C4-C7 , TP T1-T6
- I - Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone.
Brief overview of Semispinalis Colli
- Bilateral extension of the neck
- Ipsilateral rotation of the neck
- O - TP of T1-6
- I- SP of C2-C5
Give the overall function of the Cervical Spine
- Mobility
- Support
- Protection of spinal canal and neural structures.
Give the Overall structure of the Cervical Spine
- 7 Vertebrae
- 6 Intervertebral discs
- Lordosis - 40 degrees
- 8 pairs of nerve roots
Give some fundamental features of movement in the Cervical Spine
- 50% of flexion occurring at the Occiput c0-c1
- 50% of rotation occurring at C1-C2 , + side flex and extension
What are the specific joints of the cervical spine called and state their significance
- Joints of Luschka
- Stability and protection surrounding structures at risk of disc herniation
Give the features of a typical cervical vertebrae
- C3- C6
- Bifid spinous process
Give the features of Atypical vertebrae C1 ( Atlas)
- No vertebral body or spinous process
- Ring shaped
- 2 Lat Masses
- 2 Foramen
- Biconcave superior articular surface
- Ant and Post arch - articular facet for Odontoid Peg
Give the features of Atypical Vertebrae C2 ( Axis)
- Odontoid Peg ( Dens)
- Bifid Spinous process
- X2 narrow lamina
- X2 Transverse process
- X2 Foramen
- X2 Lateral articular surfaces
Give the features of Atypical Vertebrae C7 ( Prominens) Vertebrae
- Long palpable Spinous Process - non bifid
- 2x Foramen
- Large Vertebral body
- Facets becoming gradually more vertical into the thoracic spine
Give the features of the AtlantoOccipital Joint.
- Occipital condyles (Convex)
- Superior articular facet on the atlas ( Concave)
Give the features of the Median Atlanto- Axial Joint
- Synovial joint
- Convex rectangular facet on the facet of Dens
- Concave facet inner aspect of Anterior arch of the atlas.
- Posterior surface of the Dens articulates with the Transverse ligament.
Give the features of the Lateral Atlanto - Axial Joint
- Plane Synovial Joint
- Two Concave facets of the atlas articulate with the two convex facts of the Axis.
Give the key features of Ligamentum Nuchae
- Continuation of Supraspinous Ligament
- From SP C7 - Occipital protuberance
- Deep - Post tubercle of Atlas
Give the Location of the Aypical Ligament
Apex of the Dens to the anterior edge of the foramen Magnum
- Limits flexion , stabilising odontoid peg
Give the Location of the Tectorial Membrane
- Continuation of PLL
- Extends the Post aspect of Dens to the Occipital bone within the anterior edge of the foramen magnum
- Limiting flexion and rotation
Give the Location of the Transverse Ligament
- Anterior to Dens
- Post to spinal cord
- Prevention of anterior displacement of the atlas on axis
- Holds Dens and Atlas close
Give the Location of the Alar Ligament
- Lateral side of Dens to medial aspect of Occiput
-Relaxed in extension - taught in flexion
Prevents distraction C1 om C2 - Limits flexion, rotation and side flex
Give the Location of the Posterior Atlanto-Axial Membrane
- Continuation of Ligamentum Flavum
- Connects to Lamina of C1 - C2
Give the Location of the Anterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane
- Continuation of ALL
- Attaches anterior to Dens and Anterior aspect of Atlas
Give the Arterial Supply of the Cervical Spine
Vertebral Artery , connected to the Circle of Willis via the Basilar Artery
Give the Ranges of movement in the Cervical Spine
Flexion = 70-80 degrees
Extension=60 degrees
Side Flexion= 45 degrees
Rotation=90 degrees
Write out the bony points you would feature in your OSCE ( all three spinal regions)
- Atypical Vertebrae
- Transverse process C1
- Mastoid Process
- Occipital Protuberance
- Nuchal line
- Angle of Mandible
- Bifid Spinous Process
- Occipital Condyles
- Articular Pillar
- Foramen Magnum
Give the Accessory movements you would include in your OSCE
- Central PA
- Unilateral PA
- Transverse Glide
State a Joint line you would mark in your OSCE
- Temporovestibular joint
State the Additional Ligaments present in the Lower Cervical Spine
- ALL
- PLL
- Ligamentum Flavum
- `Inter-transverse Ligaments
- Interspinous ligaments
- Ligamentum Nuchae
- Supraspinous Ligament
Give the Boundaries of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck
- Lower border of the Mandible
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Anterior Midline of the Neck
Give the contents of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck
- Carotids
- Cranial and Cervical nerves
- Muscles - Supra and Infra-hyoid
Give the Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck
-Trapezius
-Sternocleidomastoid
-Middle third of the Clavicle
Apex = Superior Nuchal line
Give the contents of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck
- Subclavian Artery and Jugular Vein
- Spinal nerve (XI) and Cervical and Brachial Plexus
- Scaleni , Levator Scap and Splenis Capitis
Flexors of cervical spine
- sternocleidomastoid
- longus colli and capitis
- rectus capitis post min and major
- obliques
- anterior scalene
Extensors of cervical spine
- levator scapulae
- Splenius cervicis
- upper traps
- erector spinae
Side flexion of cervical spine
- scalènes
- levator scapulae
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius
- erector spinae
Rotators of cervical spine
- semispinalis cervicis
- splenius cervicis and capitis
- levator scapulae
- sternocleidomastoid
Protractors of cervical spine
Lower c flexors - sternocleidomastoid - longus colli Upper c extensors - semispinalis + longissimus capitis - Splenius capitis - suboccipitals
Retractors of cervical spine
Lower c extensors - Splenius cervicis - semispinalis cervicis - longissimus cervicis Upper c flexors - longus and rectus capitis
