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Anatomy > Thoracic Spine > Flashcards

Thoracic Spine Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the thorax

A
  • breathing/respiration: drawn inferiority
  • protection of vital organs
  • conduit (passageway)
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2
Q

regions of thoracic spine

A
  • upper thoracic: T1-4
  • middle thoracic: T4-9
  • lower thoracic: T10-12
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3
Q

specific thoracic vertebra

A
  • T1: inferior to C7 SP
  • T2: superior angle of scapula
  • T3: root of spine of scapula
  • T7: inferior angle of scapula
  • T12: iliac crest
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4
Q

osteology

A
  • demi facets: located on the body of vertebra and TP’s

exceptions: T10, T11, T12

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5
Q

where do the tubercle of the ribs articulate?

A

transverse processes of thoracic vertebra

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6
Q

spinous processes

A
  • T1-3: more horizontal and at same level
  • T4-10: inferior and at level of next inferior vertebra
  • T11-12: similar to T1-3
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7
Q

atypical vertebrae

A
  • T1: full (costal) superior facet on body for the head of the 1st rib
  • T10: facet located on pedicle
  • T11-12: facet located on pedicle, have full facets, no transverse facet
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8
Q

Ribs

A

true ribs: 1-7
false ribs: 8-10
floating ribs: 11-12

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9
Q

Rib osteology

A
  • head, neck, tubercle, angle and body
  • head articulate with demi facets of vertebra
  • 2-9 are typical ribs
  • 1, 10-12 atypical ribs
  • body begins laterally after tubercle
  • turns sharply forward and slopes downward
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10
Q

articular portion

A

bears a convex facet for articulation with the transverse process of the similarity numbered vertebrae (costotransverse joint)

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11
Q

non-articular portion

A

lateral costotransverse ligament

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12
Q

Atypical ribs

A
  • 1: most highly curved, a single articular facet
  • 10: head of rib contains one articular facet
  • 11 & 12: contain one articular facet, do not contain necks, tubercles or rib angles
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13
Q

sternum osteology

A
  • 3 parts: manubrium, body, typhoid process

- body provides articulation with costal cartilage from ribs

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14
Q

intervertebral joint

classification

A
  • synarthrosis, cartilaginous, symphysis, fibrocartilaginous joint
  • formed by superior and inferior vertebra and an intervertebal disc
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15
Q

facet joints

thoracic spine

A
  • synovial, planar
  • more vertically aligned in frontal plane
  • rsults in more SB and some rotation
  • ligamentous support provided by same ligaments of lumbar spine
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16
Q

costovertebral joints

A
  1. joint of the head of the rib

2. costotransverse joint

17
Q

joint f the head of the rib

A
  • ribs 2-9, formed by the head of the rib with two adjacent vertebra
  • synovial joint
  • head of rib articulate with inferior demi facet of upper vertebral body and superior demi facet of lower
  • ligamentous support: radiate ligament
18
Q

costotransverse joint

A
  • synovial, planar
  • ligamentous support: costotransverse ligament
  • neck of rib with facet located on anterior aspect of TP
19
Q

costochondrial joints

A
  • synarthoses, synchondrosis, no ligamentous support
20
Q

chondrosternal joints

A
  • 1st chondrosternal joint: between the 1st rib costal cartilage and the manubrium
  • 2nd: diarthrodial (synovial joint)
  • 3-7th: synovial, planar
21
Q

manubristernal joint

A
  • symphysis (joint with a fibrocartilagenou disc)

- slight angular movement occur between the manubrium and the body of sternum

22
Q

xiphisternal joint

A
  • symphysis

- tends to ossify by age 40-50

23
Q

diaphragm

A
  • dome-shaped
  • as contracts, height of domes decrease, volume increases
  • primary muscle of inspiration
24
Q

external intercostal muscles

A
  • most superficial
  • extend from inferior edge of the superior rib to the superior surface of the run below
  • pass obliquely anteroinferiorly
25
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A
  • intermediate layer

- most inferior lateral edge of costal grooves of ribs above, to superior surface of ribs below

26
Q

flexion/forward bending in thoracic vertebra

A
  • annulus fibrosus compressed anteriorly
  • facets glide up
  • limiting factors: PLL, ligamentum flavum, interspinous, supraspinous, erector spinae
27
Q

extension. backward bending of thoracic vertebra

A
  • facets glid downward
  • annulus fibrosus stretched
  • firm end feel
  • limiting factors: ALL, spinous process, facet joints
28
Q

non-functional side bending in thoracic

A
  • SB and rotation are opposite
  • ipsilateral faces glide inferiorly
  • contralateral facet glides superiorly
  • limitations: intertransverse
29
Q

functional SB of thoracic

A
  • rot and SB to same side
  • ipsilateral facets glid inferiorly
  • contralateral facets glide superiorly
  • ipsilateral facets gao
  • contralateral facets compress
30
Q

rib motion

pump handle

A

increase the ateroposterior diameter

moves like a pump handle

31
Q

rib motion

bucket handle

A

increases the lateral diameter

acts as a bucket handle

Anatomy (4 decks)

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