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BMS12 > Thoracic Skeleton & Intercostal Space > Flashcards

Thoracic Skeleton & Intercostal Space Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thorax?

A

Body between neck and abdomen

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2
Q

What are the functions of the thorax? (4)

A

Protect internal organs

Actively involved in respiration

Conduit (oesophagus)

Attachment for important muscles

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3
Q

What is the sternum made up of? (Superior to inferior)

A

Manubrium

Body of sternum

Xiphoid process

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4
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there in a typical person?

A

12

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5
Q

How do the ribs curve?

A

Antero-inferiorly

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6
Q

What joins (most of) the ribs to the sternum?

A

Costal cartilage

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7
Q

What is the hole in the top of the thoracic cage called?

A

Superior thoracic aperture (inlet)

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8
Q

What is the hole in the bottom of the thoracic cage?

A

Inferior thoracic aperture (inlet)

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9
Q

How many vertebrae make up the spine?

A

31

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10
Q

What are the five regions of vertebrae? (S —> I)

A

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

Coccyx

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11
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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12
Q

How are thoracic vertebrae named?

A

T

Followed by number (1-12)

Ordered from superior to inferior

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13
Q

Which vertebrae does a single rib articulate with?

A

Its own number vertebra and the one above

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14
Q

Which vertebrae would the 5th rib articulate with?

A

T5 and T4

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15
Q

What is the fancy name for a freely movable joint?

A

Diarthroses

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16
Q

What is the fancy name for an immovable joint?

A

Synarthroses

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17
Q

What is the fancy name for a slightly movable joint?

A

Amphiarthroses

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18
Q

Which ribs are the true ribs?

A

First 7

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19
Q

What are true ribs?

A

Ribs that directly articulate with sternum anteriorly

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20
Q

Which ribs are false?

A

8, 9, 10

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21
Q

What are false ribs?

A

Indirectly articulate with sternum via costal cartilage of the rib above (costal margin)

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22
Q

Which are the floating ribs?

A

11, 12

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23
Q

Describe floating ribs (3)

A

Ribs with no anterior articulation with sternum

Have costal cartilage caps

Embedded into abdominal muscles

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24
Q

Which ribs are typical?

A

3-9

25
Q

What are the features of a typical rib? (5)

A

Head with two facets (articulation with vertebrae)

Neck

Tubercle (at neck-body junction, articulates with transverse vertebral process)

Curved body (antero-inferiorly)

Costal groove (internal surface running along inferior border)

26
Q

Which ribs are atypical?

A

1, 2 and 10, 11, 12

27
Q

Describe the first rib (5)

A

Broad and sharply curved

Flattened superior and inferior surfaces

2 grooves on superior surface

Single facet (T1 articulation)

Tubercle for anterior scalene attachment

28
Q

Describe the second rib (2)

A

Two facets (T1 and T2)

Roughened areas for muscle attachments (serrated anterior and posterior scalene)

29
Q

How many facets do the 10th, 11th and 12th rib have?

A

1

30
Q

Describe the 11th and 12th rib (4)

A

Short

No neck/tubercle

Sharply curved

No anterior articulation

31
Q

What joint is between the manubrium and body of the sternum?

A

Manubriosternal

32
Q

What joint is between the xiphoid process and the body of the sternum?

A

Xiphisternal

33
Q

What joints are in the sternum?

A

Manubriosternal

Xiphisternal

34
Q

What joints are between the sternum and the costal cartilage?

A

Sternocostal

35
Q

What type of joints are manubriosternal and xiphisternal joints?

A

Secondary cartilaginous/symphysis

36
Q

What is the sternal angle?

A

Where manubrium meets body of sternum

37
Q

Which rib meets the sternum at the sternal angle?

A

2nd

38
Q

How is the first rib sternocostal joint different?

A

Broad, curved, very strong symphysis

The rest are highly strengthened synovial joints

39
Q

What joint is between the ribs and the costal cartilage?

A

Costochondral

40
Q

What type of joint are costochondral joints?

A

Primary cartilaginous/synchondroses

41
Q

What joint is between the false ribs and costal margin?

A

Interchondral

42
Q

What type of joints are formed between costal cartilages?

A

Plane synovial

43
Q

What does the spinal cord run through in a vertebra?

A

Vertebral foramen

44
Q

What do muscles and ribs attach to on a vertebra?

A

Spinous and transverse processes

45
Q

What part of the vertebrae stack on each other?

A

Vertebral body

46
Q

What structure is found between each vertebra?

A

Vertebral discs

47
Q

What joints are between the vertebrae and posterior ends of the ribs?

A

Costovertebral

Costotransverse

48
Q

What type of joints are costovertebral and costotransverse joints?

A

Plane synovial

49
Q

What are the three layers of intercostal muscles?

A

External

Internal

Innermost

50
Q

In what orientation do the external intercostal muscles run?

A

Antero-inferiorly (same as ribs)

51
Q

In what orientation do the internal intercostal muscles run?

A

Postero-inferiorly (opposite to externals)

52
Q

What runs below the 12th rib?

A

Subcostal VAN

53
Q

What innervates the intercostal muscles, parietal pleura and skin?

A

Intercostal nerves

54
Q

Which spinal root is sensory?

A

Dorsal

55
Q

Which spinal root is motor?

A

Ventral

56
Q

What do the intercostal arteries branch from?

A

Aorta posteriorly

Internal thoracic vessels anteriorly (subclavian behind sternum)

57
Q

Where do the arteries for the 1st and 2nd rib come from?

A

Subclavian (costocervical arteries)

58
Q

What do the intercostal veins drain into?

A

Azygos system

BMS12 (7 decks)

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