Thoracic Pleura Flashcards
What the atypical and typical ribs?
atypical = 1, 2, 10-12
typical = 3-9
What is sternal angle a landmark for?
2nd rib, aortic arch, trachea bifurication, pulmonary trunk bifurication
rib and vertebrae connection
Where is superior and inferior thoracic aperture?
superior is posteriorly T1, laterally rib 1, and anteriorly manubrim
inferior is posteriorly T12, laterally 11-12 ribs, anteriorly xiphoid process
what rib movement occurs during forced inspiration?
anterior posterior pump handle movement
What is mechanism of inspiration?
ribcage exapnds as rib muscles contract and pressure in lungs decreases while diaphragm also contract
What is mechanism of expiration?
this is passive and active. The ribcage gets smaller as rib muscles relax, when pressure in lungs increase air also pushes out and diaphragm relaxes
Anterior rami includes
1st-11th: intercostal nerves
12th: subcostal
Thoracoabdominal nerves (7th-11th)
Intercostobrachial nerve (2nd or 3rd)
What are branches of internal thoracic artery and costocervical trunk?
Internal thoracic artery becomes 1-6 intercostal arteries, musculophrenic artery, and superior epigastric artery. Costocervical becomes 1 and 2 posterior intercostal
What does thoracic aorta break into?
3-11 posterior intercostals and subcostal artery
What does axillary artery break into?
superior thoracic artery and lateral thoracic artery
What are the pleura reflections?
where the parietal pleura changes direction as it passes from one surface onto another; there’s sternal lines, costal lines, and vertebral lines
what’s importance of lung fissures
the short horizontal fissure runs horizontally from the oblique fissure up to the anterior border and separates a wedge-shaped middle lobe from the upper lobe. The fissures facilitate a uniform expansion of whole lung for more air intake during respiration
What is the hilum, root of the lung, and pulmonary ligament?
root of lung is where the trachea branches to right and left lungs, the hilum is the middle portion where these roots attach. The pulmonary ligament is at the bottom of the hilum and leads all the way to the diaphragm
What are 3 branches of bronchial tree (trachea)?
main bronchi which are at the roots (the right one is wider), lobar bronchi which are smaller branches, and segmental which are even smaller branches (tertiary) that are bronchopulmonary.
Bronchiolymphatics
