Heart Anatomy Flashcards
What does angle of louie align with?
2nd rib and 4th/5th thoracic vertebra
What does xiphoid align with?
T7 dermatome
What are two layers of pericardium?
parietal and visceral (tunica adventitia)
Innervation of pericardium
phrenic nerve
Where is transverse and oblique sinuses located?
Transverse= Posterior to pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta
Anterior to Superior vena cava
Oblique = Posterior to heart
What are parts of the right atrium?
Right Ventricle
tricuspid AV valve.
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
has 3 cusps
Where is right coronary artery?
lateral to right ventricle and apex, posterior to ventricles, branch to SA and AV nodes
Where is left coronary artery?
anterior the ventricles and ventricular septum
Where are cardiac veins?
great cardiac is over left coronary circumflex, small is on right side, and middle is posterior
What are functions of heart skeleton?
keeps valves from over distention, attachment for valves, and insulate atria
What innervates the heart?
cardiac plexus located anterior to bifurcation of trachea and posterior the ascending aorta. Sympathetic increases heart rate, originates at T1-T6 and terminates in cervical ganglia. Parasympathetic is vagus and ends at atrial wall
parts of aorta
What forms brachiocephalic veins?
union of internal jugular veins and subclavian, the left and right brachiocephalics come together to for superior vena cava
Where do scalene muscles attach, innervation, and function?
attach to transverse processes of rib 1 and 2, innervated by ventral rami, flex neck head and raise ribs
continuation of axillary vein
subclavian vein
formed by internal jugular and subclavian vein
brachiocephalic veins
sigmoid sinus
internal jugular
forms mandicular and posterior auricular veins, and branches off subclavian
external jugular vein
Where is vagus nerve?
has recurrent laryngeal branch
Right loops under right subclavian artery
Left loops under aortic arch at ligamentum arteriosum
Where is phrenic nerve
C3-C5 and anterior to anterior scalene
where is sympathetic trunk
anteriolateral to vertebral bodies
What forms superior vena cava?
right and left brachiocephalic vein and right atrium
What forms inferior vena cava?
right and left common iliac veins and right atrium
What forms right and left brachiocephalic veins?
internal jugular vein and subclavian vein and superior vena cava
what branches off aortic arch and descending aorta?
Arch: brachiocephalic trunk, left carotid, and left subclavian
Descending: intercostal and bronchial
between pulmonary trunk and arch of aorta
ligamentum arteiosum
What drains into thoracic duct?
left head, neck, thorax, everything below diaphragm, cysterna chyli, jugular vein and left subclavian
Which vertebrae are associated with greater, lesser, and least splanchic nerve?
greater = T5-T9, lesser = T10-T11, least = T12
Somatic NS
1 neuron, skeletal muscle, voluntary, environment regulates internal environment
autonomic NS
2 neurons, smooth and cardiac, involuntary
Where does sympathetic vs parasympathetic originate?
Sympathetic = thoracolumbar, short and para = craniosacral, long
Narrow aorta causing high blood pressur; can either be preductal (proximal to ductus arteriosus) or post ductal
Aortic coarctation
Where is bronchoesophageal fistual
connection between left lower bronchus and esophagus
compression of mediastinal structures via tumors, or enlarged thymus
mediastinal syndrome
obstruction of superior vena cava can lead to
superior mediastinum syndrome
compression of esophagus or enlarged left atrium can lead to
posterior mediastinum syndrome
