Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does angle of louie align with?

A

2nd rib and 4th/5th thoracic vertebra

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2
Q

What does xiphoid align with?

A

T7 dermatome

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3
Q

What are two layers of pericardium?

A

parietal and visceral (tunica adventitia)

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4
Q

Innervation of pericardium

A

phrenic nerve

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5
Q

Where is transverse and oblique sinuses located?

A

Transverse= Posterior to pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta
Anterior to Superior vena cava
Oblique = Posterior to heart

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6
Q

What are parts of the right atrium?

A
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7
Q

Right Ventricle

A

tricuspid AV valve.

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8
Q

Left atrium

A
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9
Q

Left ventricle

A
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10
Q

Aortic valve

A

has 3 cusps

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11
Q

Where is right coronary artery?

A

lateral to right ventricle and apex, posterior to ventricles, branch to SA and AV nodes

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12
Q

Where is left coronary artery?

A

anterior the ventricles and ventricular septum

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13
Q

Where are cardiac veins?

A

great cardiac is over left coronary circumflex, small is on right side, and middle is posterior

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14
Q

What are functions of heart skeleton?

A

keeps valves from over distention, attachment for valves, and insulate atria

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15
Q

What innervates the heart?

A

cardiac plexus located anterior to bifurcation of trachea and posterior the ascending aorta. Sympathetic increases heart rate, originates at T1-T6 and terminates in cervical ganglia. Parasympathetic is vagus and ends at atrial wall

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16
Q

parts of aorta

A
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17
Q

What forms brachiocephalic veins?

A

union of internal jugular veins and subclavian, the left and right brachiocephalics come together to for superior vena cava

18
Q

Where do scalene muscles attach, innervation, and function?

A

attach to transverse processes of rib 1 and 2, innervated by ventral rami, flex neck head and raise ribs

19
Q

continuation of axillary vein

A

subclavian vein

20
Q

formed by internal jugular and subclavian vein

A

brachiocephalic veins

21
Q

sigmoid sinus

A

internal jugular

22
Q

forms mandicular and posterior auricular veins, and branches off subclavian

A

external jugular vein

23
Q

Where is vagus nerve?

A

has recurrent laryngeal branch
Right loops under right subclavian artery
Left loops under aortic arch at ligamentum arteriosum

24
Q

Where is phrenic nerve

A

C3-C5 and anterior to anterior scalene

25
where is sympathetic trunk
anteriolateral to vertebral bodies
26
What forms superior vena cava?
right and left brachiocephalic vein and right atrium
27
What forms inferior vena cava?
right and left common iliac veins and right atrium
28
What forms right and left brachiocephalic veins?
internal jugular vein and subclavian vein and superior vena cava
29
what branches off aortic arch and descending aorta?
Arch: brachiocephalic trunk, left carotid, and left subclavian Descending: intercostal and bronchial
30
between pulmonary trunk and arch of aorta
ligamentum arteiosum
31
What drains into thoracic duct?
left head, neck, thorax, everything below diaphragm, cysterna chyli, jugular vein and left subclavian
32
Which vertebrae are associated with greater, lesser, and least splanchic nerve?
greater = T5-T9, lesser = T10-T11, least = T12
33
Somatic NS
1 neuron, skeletal muscle, voluntary, environment regulates internal environment
34
autonomic NS
2 neurons, smooth and cardiac, involuntary
35
Where does sympathetic vs parasympathetic originate?
Sympathetic = thoracolumbar, short and para = craniosacral, long
36
Narrow aorta causing high blood pressur; can either be preductal (proximal to ductus arteriosus) or post ductal
Aortic coarctation
37
Where is bronchoesophageal fistual
connection between left lower bronchus and esophagus
38
compression of mediastinal structures via tumors, or enlarged thymus
mediastinal syndrome
39
obstruction of superior vena cava can lead to
superior mediastinum syndrome
40
compression of esophagus or enlarged left atrium can lead to
posterior mediastinum syndrome