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CPR Exam 1 > Thoracic Osteology, Arthrology & Myology > Flashcards

Thoracic Osteology, Arthrology & Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic Cavity: Superior Boundary

A

Located on the plane superior to Rib 1

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2
Q

Thoracic Cavity: Inferior Boundary

A

Diaphragm

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3
Q

Thoracic Cavity: Anterior Boundaries

A
  • Ribs
  • Intercostal muscles
  • Sternum
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4
Q

Thoracic Cavity: Posterior Boundaries

A
  • Vertebral column
  • Ribs
  • Intercostal muscles
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5
Q

Thoracic Cavity: Lateral Boundaries

A
  • Ribs
  • Intercostal muscles
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6
Q

Movement of ribs and diaphragm during inspiration:

A
  • Ribs move up and out like a bucket handle
  • Diaphragm moves inferior
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7
Q

Movement of ribs and diaphragm during exhilation:

A
  • Ribs move down and in like a bucket handle
  • Diaphragm moves superior
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8
Q

Vertical changes of Thoracic Cavity during Respiration occur due to:

A

Contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm

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9
Q

Lateral changes of the Thoracic Cavity during Respiration occur due to:

A

Outward swing of ribs in a “bucket handle” movement

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10
Q

Anteroposterior changes of the Thoracic Cavity during Respiration occur due to:

A

Rising/sinking of anterior ends of ribs moves sternum up and down in a “pump handle” movement

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11
Q

Boundaries of the Superior Thoracic Aperture
(1) Posterior:
(2) Lateral:
(3) Anterior:

A

(1) Posterior: T1 Vertebrae
(2) Lateral: 1st pair of ribs and their costal cartilages
(3) Anterior: superior border of the manubrium

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12
Q

Structures that pass between the thoracic cavity and neck thru the Superior Thoracic Aperture:

A
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
  • Nerves: R & L Vagus, L Recurrent Laryngeal, R & L Phrenic, R & L Sympathetic Trunks
  • Vessels that supply and drain the head, neck and UE
  • Thoracic Duct
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13
Q

Nerves that pass thru the Superior Thoracic Aperture:

A
  • R & L Vagus N
  • L Recurrent Laryngeal N
  • R & L Phrenic N
  • R & L Sympathetic Trunks
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14
Q

Boundaries of the Inferior Thoracic Aperture
(1) Posterior:
(2) Posterolateral:
(3) Anterolateral:
(4) Anterior:

A

(1) Posterior: 12th thoracic vertebra
(2) Posterolateral: 11th and 12th pairs of ribs
(3) Anterolateral: joined costal cartilages of ribs 7-10, forming the costal margins
(4) Anterior: xiphisternal joint

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15
Q

If you close the inferior thoracic aperture, the diaphragm completely separates the ___ and ___ cavities.

A

Thoracic and Abdominal

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16
Q

3 Parts of the Sternum:

A

(1) Manubrium
(2) Body
(3) Xiphoid Process

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17
Q

In adolescents and young adults, the three parts of the sternum are connected together by ___ __ (____) that ossify during middle to late adulthood

A

Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses)

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18
Q

Manubrium

A

Superior component of sternum

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19
Q

Body of Sternum

A

Consists of Sternebrae that fuse during development

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20
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

Lowest component of sternum

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21
Q

Jugular/Suprasternal Notch

A

Shallow notch located on the superior surface of the sternal manubrium

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22
Q

Clavicular Notches form the ______ joints

A

Sternoclavicular

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23
Q

Synchondrosis of First Rib

A
  • Inferolateral to clavicular notch
  • Costal cartilage of rib 1 is attached to lateral border of manubrium
24
Q

Sternal Angle (of Louis)

A

Projecting ridge at the junction of the manubrium and the body of sternum

25
Q

Manubriosternal Joint

A

Symphysis between manubrium and body of sternum

26
Q

Structures that pass thru the Inferior Thoracic Aperture:

A
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Esophagus
  • Vagal trunks
  • Aorta
  • Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves
27
Q

Components of Thoracic Cage:

A

(1) Thoracic Vertebrae x12
(2) Ribs x12
(3) Sternum

28
Q

Body of sternum is located at the level of ___-___ vertebrae

A

T5-T9

29
Q

Inferior end of Xiphoid process lies at the level of __ vertebrae

A

T10

30
Q

True Ribs

A
  • First 7 ribs
  • Costal cartilage attach directly to the sternum (vertebrosternal ribs)
31
Q

False Ribs

A
  • Ribs 8-10
  • Costal cartilage of these ribs are attached to the costal cartilage immediately superior (vertebrochondral ribs)
32
Q

Floating Ribs

A
  • Ribs 11-12
  • Do not have any costal cartilage attachment
33
Q

Characteristics of Typical Ribs (Ribs 3-9)

A
  • Head: has two facets separated by the crest of the head; one facet for articulation with the numerically corresponding vertebrae and one facet for the vertebrae superior to it
  • Neck: connects head with body at level of the tubercle
  • Tubercle: located at junction of the neck and body; smooth articular part articulates with the corresponding transverse process of the vertebrae and a rough nonarticular part that provides an attachment for the costotransverse ligament
  • Body: concave internal surface has a costal groove paralleling the inferior border of the rib which provides protection for the intercostal nerve and vessels
34
Q

Characteristic Features of Thoracic Vertebrae

A
  • Bilateral costal facets (demifacets) on the vertberal bodies, usually occurring in inferior and superior pairs, for articulation with the heads of ribs (ex. inferior demifacet of the superior vertebrae and a superior demifacet of the inferior vertebrae along with the IV disc between them form a socket to receive the head of the rib of the same identifying number as the inferior vertebrae; head of rib 6 with superior costal facet of vertebra T6)
  • Costal facets on the transverse processes for articulation with the tubercles of ribs, except for the inferior two or three thoracic vertebrae
35
Q

The superior costal facets of vertebrae ___ are not demifacets because there are no demifacets on the ___ vertebrae above. This means that Rib 1 articulates only with vertebrae ___.

A
  • T1
  • C7
  • T1
35
Q

___ vertebrae has only one bilateral pair of whole costal facets, located partly on its body and partly on its pedicule.

A

T10

36
Q

___ and ___ vertebrae have only a single pair of whole costal facets, located on their pedicles

A

T11 and T12

37
Q

Costovertebral - Joints of Head of Rib
(1) Type:
(2) Articulation:
(3) Ligaments:

A

(1) Synovial Plane
(2) Head of each rib with superior demi- or costal facet of vertebral body of same number and inferior demi- or costal facet of vertebral body superior to it and IV disc between them
(3) Radiate and intra-articular ligaments of head of rib

**Heads of 1st, 11th and 12th ribs (sometimes 10th) articulate only with vertebral body of same number

38
Q

Costovertebral - Costotransverse Joint
(1) Type:
(2) Articulation:
(3) Ligaments:

A

(1) Synovial Plane
(2) Tubercle of rib with transverse process of vertebrae of same number
(3) Lateral and Superior costotransverse

**11th and 12th ribs do not articulate with transverse processes of vertebrae of same number

39
Q

Intervertebral Joints of T1-T12
(1) Type:
(2) Articulation:
(3) Ligaments:

A

(1) Symphysis (Secondary Cartilaginous)
(2) Adjacent vertebral bodies bound together by IV disc
(3) Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal

**Movement mostly limited to small degrees of rotation

40
Q

Costochondral Joint
(1) Type:
(2) Articulation:
(3) Ligaments:

A

(1) Primary (hyaline) cartilaginous
(2) Lateral end of costal cartilage with sternal end of rib
(3) Cartilage and bone bound together by periosteum

**No movement normally occurs at this joint; cartilage just provides flexibility

41
Q

Interchondral Joint
(1) Type:
(2) Articulation:
(3) Ligaments:

A

(1) Synovial Plane
(2) Between costal cartilages of 6th and 7th, 7th and 8th and 8th and 9th ribs
(3) Interchondral ligaments

**Articulation between costal cartilages of 9th and 10th ribs is fibrous

42
Q

Sternocostal Joint - 1st Rib
(1) Type:
(2) Articulation:

A

(1) Primary Cartilaginous (synchondrosis)
(2) Articulation of 1st costal cartilages of rib 1 with manubrium of sternum

43
Q

Sternocostal Joint - Ribs 2-7
(1) Type:
(2) Articulation:
(3) Ligaments:

A

(1) Synovial Plane
(2) Articulation of the 2nd-7th pairs of costal cartilages with sternum
(3) Anterior and Posterior radiate sternocostal; intra-articular

**Fibrocartilage covers articular surfaces

44
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint
(1) Type:
(2) Articulation:
(3) Ligaments:

A

(1) Saddle Type of Synovial
(2) Sternal end of clavicle with manubrium of sternum and 1st costal cartilage
(3) Anterior and Posterior sternoclavicular; costoclavicular

**Joint is divided into two compartments by an articular disc

45
Q

What two joints often fuse and become synostoses in older individuals?

A

Manubriosternal and Xiphisternal

46
Q

Manubriosternal Joint
(1) Type:
(2) Articulation:

A

(1) Secondary Cartilaginous (symphysis)
(2) Articulation between manubrium and body of sternum

47
Q

Xiphisternal Joint
(1) Type:
(2) Articulation:

A

(1) Primary Cartilaginous (Synchondrosis)
(2) Articulation between xiphoid process and body of sternum

48
Q

External Intercostal Muscle fibers run in a ___ to ___ direction

A

Lateral to Medial

49
Q

What muscle extends from the rib/costal cartilage junction to the sternum as the External Intercostal Membrane?

A

External Intercostal Muscles

50
Q

Internal Intercostal Muscle fibers run in a __ to ___ direction

A

Medial to Lateral

51
Q

Between the ribs posteriorly, the internal intercostals are replaced by the ___ ____ ____

A

Internal Intercostal Membranes

52
Q

External Intercostal Muscle
(1) Attachments:
(2) Innervation:
(3) Action:

A

(1) Inferior border of ribs to superior border of ribs below
(2) Intercostal N
(3) Elevate ribs during forced inspiration

53
Q

Internal & Innermost Intercostal Muscles
(1) Attachments:
(2) Innervation:
(3) Action:

A

(1) Inferior border of ribs to superior border of ribs below
(2) Intercostal N
(3) Interosseous part depresses ribs while the interchondral part elevates the ribs; active during forced respiration

54
Q

Subcostal Muscle
(1) Attachments:
(2) Action:

A

(1) Internal surface of lower ribs near their angles to the superior borders of 2nd or 3rd ribs below
(2) Believe they have similar action to the internal intercostal muscles

55
Q

Transverse Thoracis Muscle
(1) Attachments:
(2) Action:

A

(1) Posterior surface of lower sternum to internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6
(2) Weakly depress ribs, proprioception

CPR Exam 1 (4 decks)

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