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anatomy - cardio resp > thoracic osteology > Flashcards

thoracic osteology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 groups of muscles in the thoracic wall?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

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2
Q

what is the thoracic wall & functions?

A

The thoracic wall is formed by 12 ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, cartilage, sternum, and five muscles.
- functions in movement, respiration and protection of thoracic cavity

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3
Q

what is the function of the intrinsic muscle group and what are examples of them?

A

-intrinsic muscle aid with breathing movements through the elevation and depression of the ribcage
-eg serrates anterior, intercostal, subcostal and transversus thoracis muscles

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4
Q

what is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic wall and give examples?

A

-functionally related to the neck, abdomen, back or upper limbs
-examples include subclavian, pec major and minor muscles and inferior portion of serrates anterior muscle

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5
Q

what are the ribs?

A

arc shaped flat bones that protect the thoracic organs eg the heart & lungs

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6
Q

how many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12

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7
Q

what are the ‘true ribs’?

A

the true ribs are the ribs that articulate directly with the sternum through their costal cartilages
- first seven pairs of ribs

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8
Q

what are the false ribs?

A
  • the ribs that articulate indirectly with the sternum via the 7th rib
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9
Q

which ribs are the floating ribs and why are they called this?

A

-ribs 11 + 12
-they are called this because they do not attach to the sternum in any manner and are short and have no necks or tubercles

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10
Q

what is the intercostal space ?

A

the space between the ribs

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11
Q

List the typical and atypical ribs

A

typical 3-9
atypical 1,2,10,11,12

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12
Q

Describe the basic osteology of a typical rib

A

-head
-neck
-tubercle
-body
-costal groove (accommodates important arteries, veins and nerves)
-costal cartilage

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13
Q

Describe the osteology of rib 1

A

-widest and shortest rib
-has the sharpest curve and only 1 articular surface
-scalene tubercle - where scale muscle attaches to
-contains 2 grooves for the subclavian vessels

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14
Q

what is different in the structure of the 10th, 11th and 12th rib compared to the others?

A

they only have 1 facet and neither a neck or tubercle

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15
Q

what is the function of the external intercostals muscle?

A

-elevates the ribs during inspiration to expand the thoracic cavity

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16
Q

what is the function of the internal intercostalis muscle?

A

depress the ribs

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17
Q

what part of the rib attaches to the facet on the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

the tubercle

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18
Q

what is the sternum?

A

-flat, elongated bone located centrally in the anterior thoracic wall

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19
Q

what are the 3 main parts of the sternum?

A

-manubrium
-body
-xiphoid process

20
Q

what bones does the sternum articulate with and as a result what joint is formed?

A

-clavicles - forming the sternoclavicular joints
-first 7 pairs of ribs - forming the sternocostal joints

21
Q

what are important osteology landmarks on the sternum that can be palpated on a person?

A

-jugular notch - a visible gap located at the base of the neck just above the top of the sternum
-sternal angle

22
Q

Describe the osteology of the typical thoracic vertebrae

A
  • vertebral body is heart shaped with costal facets
    -veretbral canal is round
    -spinous process slopes inferiorly
    -costal facets - to articulate with ribs
    -transverse process have facets to articulate with the tubercle of the rib
23
Q

what are the atypical thoracic vertebrae?

A

-T1
-T10
-T11
-T12

24
Q

Describe the osteology of T1

A
  • has 1/2 facets on the body of articulation with the head of the ribs
    -full superior facet on body for 1st rib and inferior demi-facet on body
    rib 1 articulates with T1
25
Q

Describe the osteology of T10-T12

A

-single facet on the side of the vertebral body of T10-T12
-these ribs only articulate with their own vertebrae
no facet on transverse process of T11 and T12

26
Q

what is the superior costotransverse ligament?

A

this ligament connects the neck of the rib to the transverse process of the vertabra above

27
Q

what 3 arteries does the arterial supply of the thoracic wall come from?

A

-subclavian artery
-axillary artery
-thoracic aorta

28
Q

what does the nerve supply of the thoracic wall mainly stem from?

A

the anterior rami of the spinal nerves T1-T12- aka intercostal nerves

29
Q

what 3 important structures run in the grooves under the ribs?

A

intercostal vein, artery and nerve
VAN

30
Q

what is the diaphragm?

A

-a muscle located on the inferior end of the rib cage
-undergoes contraction and relaxation which alters the volume of the thoracic cavity - causing inspiration and expiration

31
Q

what happens to the sternum during respiration?

A

the sternum moves forward due to the elevation of the ribs

32
Q

what movement occurs in the diaphragm during inspiration?

A

the diaphragm descends to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity in inspiration

33
Q

what are the intercostal nerves?

A

-they are mixed nerves that originate from the anterior rami of the spinal nerves T1-T11
- carry motor and sensory fibres
- main function is to provide supply to structures of the thoracic wall and abdominal wall as well as motor innervation to the intercostal muscles snd muscles of anterior ab wall

34
Q

what are the branches of the subclavian, thoracic aorta and axillary artery that supply the chest wall directly?

A
  • upper 2 posterior intercostal arteries from the subclavian
    -anterior intercostal artery is from the internal thoracic artery
35
Q

what are the main veins of the chest wall?

A

-intercostal veins - anterior, posterior and subcostal
-internal thoracic veins

36
Q

what happens to the veins in the thoracic wall?

A
  • these veins eventually unite to drain into the right atrium either indirectly by the azygous and homozygous or brachiocephalic veins (which drain into the superior vena cava) or directly by the superior vena cava
37
Q

what is the mediastinum?

A

a compartment of the thorax located in the midline of the body that contains most of the thoracic viscera apart from the lungs

38
Q

what are the divisions of the mediastinum?

A

-superior
-anterior
-middle
-posterior

39
Q

what is contained in the superior mediastinum?
Try To Eat Toast And Vitamins Now Little Oliver

A

Thymus, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct (lymph vessel), aortic arch , veins, nerves , lymphatics and other small arteries and veins

40
Q

what is located in the anterior inferior mediastinum?

A

-the remnants of the thymus
-lymph nodes

41
Q

what is located in the middle inferior mediastinum?

A

-phrenic nerve
-heart
-pericardium
-ascending aorta
-pulmonary trunk
-superior vena cava

42
Q

what is the thymus gland?

A

an immune gland located between the lungs and behind the breastbone or sternum

43
Q

what type of joint is the joint between the manubrium and the body of the sternum?

A

a secondary cartilaginous joint

44
Q

what type of joint is the 1st sternocostal joint (ie rib 1 with sternum)?

A

a primary cartilaginous joint - no movement

45
Q

what type of joints are the 2nd to 7th sternocostal joints?

A

synovial joints - they move during respiration

46
Q

what type of joints are the costovertebral joints?

A

synovial joints - plane/gliding joint

47
Q

what kind of joints are the costotransverse joints?

A

synovial joints

anatomy - cardio resp (7 decks)

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