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Diagnostic Imaging II Exam One > Thoracic/Lumbar Fractures > Flashcards

Thoracic/Lumbar Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common fracture of the thoracic/lumbar region?

A

Compression

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2
Q

What mechanism of injury is associated with compression fractures of the lumbar and thoracic spine?

A

Flexion

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3
Q

What is the 2nd most common fracture of lumbar region?

A

Transverse process

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4
Q

Is the anterior or posterior body height affected by compression fractures?

A

Anterior (posterior portion maintained)

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5
Q

For how long are the zone of impaction and step defect usually visible following compression fractures?

A

2 months (acute phase)

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6
Q

What is another name for the zone of impaction?

A

Zone of condensation

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7
Q

What condition represents avascular necrosis/progressive collapse of the vertebra following a compression fracture?

A

Kummel’s disease

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8
Q

What are the four things that can be a SOL?

A

1 blood 2 pus 3 edema 4 tumor

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9
Q

What is usually the cause of a paraspinal line deflection seen on the AP view?

A

SOL

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10
Q

What change in the pedicle region can be seen with a compression fracture on the AP view?

A

Intrapedicular widening

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11
Q

Osteoporotic compression fractures are more common after what age and in what gender?

A

50, females

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12
Q

What is the most common location for osteoporotic compression fractures?

A

Mid thoracic and thoracolumbar spine

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13
Q

What is the term for the increased kyphosis seen with osteoporosis following compression fractures?

A

Dowager’s hump

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14
Q

What is the cause of the change in appearance of the vertebral bodies after osteoporosis on imaging?

A

Decreased horizontal trabeculae

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15
Q

What is different between a pathological and regular compression fracture?

A

Pathological ones have decrease height of the ENTIRE vertebral body

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16
Q

What procedures can be done for osteoporotic compression fractures?

A

Vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty (cement mixture insert)

17
Q

Can we adjust patients following kyphoplasty?

A

Yes; be aware of it on imaging

18
Q

Burst fractures do not occur in what region of the spine and why?

A

Thoracic region (rib protection, decreased movement)

19
Q

What is the major X-ray finding for burst fractures of the lumbar spine?

A

Posterior body convexity

20
Q

Why are burst fractures in the lumbar spine so serious?

A

50% cause cord injury

21
Q

How can a burst fracture cause cord issues?

A

Posterior wall blows out into canal

22
Q

Why do chance fractures occur less today?

A

Seatbelts now have shoulder strap

23
Q

What kind of mechanism of injury is associated with chance fractures?

A

Flexion distraction

24
Q

What is a chance fracture?

A

Horizontal splitting of the arch and body

25
Q

What is the most common location of a chance fracture?

A

L1-L3

26
Q

What is another name for a chance fracture?

A

Lap belt fracture

27
Q

What X-ray sign is associated with chance fractures?

A

Empty vertebra sign

28
Q

Chance fractures are commonly associated with what other fracture?

A

Compression

29
Q

What causes transverse process fractures?

A

Direct trauma or avulsion

30
Q

What are the most common areas for transverse process fractures in the lumbars?

A

L2 and L3

31
Q

What is unique about the distribution of transverse process fractures?

A

Usually unilateral and multi-level

32
Q

Why are transverse process fractures usually hard to see on X-ray?

A

Obscured by gas and fecal material

33
Q

Damage to what organ is associated with transverse process fractures?

A

Kidneys (possible renal failure to do laceration)

34
Q

What sign could be associated with transverse process fractures?

A

Hematuria

35
Q

How can we tell a burst fracture from a compression fracture?

A

Posterior wall blow out showing posterior margin convexity

Diagnostic Imaging II Exam One (5 decks)

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