thoracic limb - vessels & nerves Flashcards
“____ coalesce and pass through _____ _____ before flowing into ____.”
“VESSELS coalesce and pass through LYMPH NODES before flowing Into VEINS.”
What region of the body do larger arteries lie in?
Deeper/more medially (to protect from injury)
What directions do arteries and veins flow?
Arteries: carry O2-rich blood from the heart to organs and extremities
Veins: carry O2-poor blood from organs and extremities to the heart
What is collateral and recurrent circulation?
If a vessel becomes occluded, blood will still be able to flow to that region of the body because of the following alternative routes:
- collateral aa. (branches off main artery)
- recurrent aa. (go opposite in direction of blood flow and anastomose with the collateral aa.)
What do vessel names reflect?
The area of the limb or the structure supplied
Identify each superficial v. of the thoracic limb.
Orange: cephalic
Green: median cubital
Brown: brachial
Yellow: cephalic
Blue: cephalic
Pink: accessory cephalic
Cyan: dorsal common digital v. #4
Identify each superficial v. of the thoracic limb.
Red: omobrachial
Orange: cephalic
Yellow: cephalic
Green: median cubital
Blue: cephalic
Pink: accessory cephalic
Gray: cephalic
What is the sequence for the main artery to the manus?
Subclavian a. –> axillary a. –> brachial a. –> median a.
Distal to the mid-antebrachium, how does the main arterial flow differ in dogs vs. cats?
Dogs: median a. –> main source of arterial flow
Cats: radial a. –> main source of arterial flow
What is the name of the artery that runs deeply between the radius and ulna that is a major arterial contributor to the manus in both dogs and cats?
The caudal interosseous artery
What is the superficial palmar arch artery?
Is the primary blood supply to the digits; lies on the palmar side in between tendons of the superficial and deep digital flexors
What is the deep palmar arch artery?
Is the secondary blood supply to the digits; lies on the dorsal side in between tendons of the deep digital flexor and interosseous mm.
Each blood vessel in the metacarpus runs from what regions?
From a CMC jt. to a MCP jt.
Each blood vessel in the metacarpus is positioned how?
In a position relative to (“between”) two MC bones.
What is the brachial plexus composed of?
The first 2 thoracic nerves and the last 3 cervical nerves, all which innervate motor and sensory neurons of the thoracic limbs.
Interpret:
Radial nerve (C6-T2)
The radial nerve is composed of cervical spinal nerves 6, 7 & 8, and thoracic spinal nerves 1 & 2
What are the major nerves contributing to motor function?
radial and ulnar nerves
What are the major nerves contributing to sensory function?
radial, median and ulnar nerves
What is the motor function of the radial nerve?
innervation of the extensor muscles of the forelimb, which is imperative for bearing weight
What is the function of the ulnar nerve?
joins the median nerve in innervating muscles that flex the carpus & digits.
What do the sensory nerves supply to?
the muscles and periosteum (fibrous sheath that covers bones/contains the blood vessels and nerves that provide nourishment and sensation to the bone)
What has occurred to a cat who has lost function to one of its forelimbs?
paralysis of the radial nerve
What are the differences between dermatomes/cutaneous zones and autonomous zones?
Dermatomes/cutaneous zones: areas of skin innervated by a spinal nerve (e.g., cervical or thoracic) or by a single, specifically named nerve (e.g., radial nerve). Overlapping of zones occurs.
Autonomous zones: areas of skin innervated purely by a single spinal nerve. No overlapping of zones occurs.
