thoracic limb - arthology Flashcards
Which bone is the weight-bearing bone of the antebrachium?
The radius
Identify the arrows.
Proximal Carpal Bones
- Green: intermedioradial carpal bone
- Red: accessory carpal bone
- Purple: ulnar carpal bone
Identify the arrows.
Distal Carpal Bones
- Blue: sesamoid in abductor digiti 1 longus
- Green: carpal bone I
- Purple: carpal bone IV
Identify the outlines.
Metacarpal Bones
- Black: Base
- Brown: Head
- Red: MC I, Yellow: MC II, Green: MC III, Purple: MC IV, Blue MC V
Identify the outlines.
Digits
- Blue: dorsal sesamoid bones
- Red: proximal phalanges
- Purple: middle phalanges
- Green: distal phalanges
How many phalanges does digit I have?
2 phalanges: P1 and P2
How many phalanges do digits II-V have?
3 phalanges: P1, P2 and P3 (claw)
Where is the axis of the manus located?
Between digits III and IV
Identify the outlined joints in both their anatomical and common names.
Red: glenohumeral jt. = shoulder jt.
Blue: humero-radio, humero-ulnar, radio-ulnar jts. = elbow jt.
Identify the outlined joints.
Purple: antebrachiocarpal jt.
Blue: middle carpal jt.
Yellow: intercarpal jts.
Orange: carpometacarpal jt.
Identify the outlined joints.
Purple: interphalangeal jt. of digit I
Red: metacarpophalangeal jts. (missing outline in digit I)
Blue: proximal interphalangeal jts. of digits II-V
Pink: distal interphalangeal jts. of digits II-V
How many fully developed digits do ruminants have, and how many phalanges for each?
two (digits III and IV) with 3 phalanges each
How many fully developed digits do horses have, and how many phalanges?
one with 3 phalanges
What two developmental defects cause elbow lameness in dogs?
- Ununited anconeal process
- Fragmented coronoid process
What surrounds each major synovial jt. in the limbs?
A jt. capsule, which is filled with synovial fluid.
- Which jts. of the distal forelimb open widely and are fully accessible for arthocentesis?
- Which jt. of the distal forelimb does not open widely, but communicates with the middle carpal jt.?
- antebrachiocarpal jt. and the middle carpal jt.
- the carpometacarpal jt.
- What ligaments lie in the superficial layer of the jt. capsules in the elbow, carpus, MC and digit jts.?
- Where do these ligaments pass?
- Collateral ligaments (medial & lateral)
- From the bone proximal to the jt. capsule, to the bone distal to the same jt. capsule.
What are the main ligaments in the shoulder?
the medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments
What is the purpose of the annular ligament of the elbow?
to support the rotary action of the radial head against the ulna’s radial notch
