Thoracic Cavity/Wall Flashcards
Trachea nerve supply
vagus nerve
recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is so unique about bronchopulmonary segment?
structurally and functionally independent unit
has its own lymphatic vessels and autonomic nerve supply
surrounded by CT and has segmental bronchus and segmental artery
what is part of the lung that is supplied by terminal bronchiole?
acinus
where do pulmonary veins drain into?
left atrium
where do SVC and IVC drain into?
right atrium
visceral pleura is innervated by…
pulmonary plexus
Where will bronchial veins drain into?
azygos and hemiazygos veins
what kind of blood do the alveoli receive from terminal branches of pulmonary artery?
deoxygenated blood
what nerves make up the pulmonary plexus?
sympathetic trunk + parasympathetic fibers from vagus nerve
a fibroserous sac that encloses heart and roots of great vessels
pericardium
functions of pericardium
- restrict excessive movement of heart
- serves as lubricated container where heart contracts
What is anterior to pericardium? posterior?
- body of sternum; 2nd to 6th costal cartilage
- 5-8 thoracic vertebrae
Upon examination of a patient who had pneumothorax, what will be your findings?
- trachea and heart are displaced to the side opposite of affected lung.
- pt breathless and in a state of shock
Why would a deep infection in the neck be able to spread readily into the thorax causing mediastinitis?
mediastinum structures are embedded in loose CT that is continuous w/ root of the neck
what is mediastinoscopy?
diagnostic procedure wherein specimens of tracheobronchial lymph nodes are obtained without opening pleural cavities
how many mL of clear fluid does the pleural cavity normally contain?
5-10 mL
what stimulates the formation of pleural fluid?
hydrostatic and osmotic pressures
how many mL of pleural fluid has to accumulate before pleural effusion can be clinically detected?
300 mL
what are the clinical signs of pleural effusion?
- decreased lung expansion
- decreased breath sounds
- dullness on percussion over effusion
what causes pleural adhesions?
occur when lungs are inflamed and fibroblasts invade the exudate, which coats the pleural surfaces.
pleural adhesions
visceral pleura and parietal pleura are attached together due to inflammatory processes.
spontaneous pneumothorax
air enters pleural cavity suddenly w/o its cause being immediately apparent
open pneumothorax
pleural cavity is opened to the outside air due to a penetrating wound through the thoracic wall
tension pneumothorax
air in the lungs build up b/c it cannot exit therefore, affected lung collapses and the other lung is compressed by the displaced mediastinum
hydropneumothorax
air in pleural cavity associated w/ serous fluid
pyopneumothorax
air in pleural cavity associated w/ pus
hemopneumothorax
air in pleural cavity associated w/ blood
empyema
collection of pus w/o air in pleural cavity
pleural effusion
excess serous fluid in pleural cavity`
