Thoracic Cavity/Wall

Question 1

Trachea nerve supply

Answer 1

vagus nerve

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 2

What is so unique about bronchopulmonary segment?

Answer 2

structurally and functionally independent unit

has its own lymphatic vessels and autonomic nerve supply

surrounded by CT and has segmental bronchus and segmental artery

Question 3

what is part of the lung that is supplied by terminal bronchiole?

Answer 3

acinus

Question 4

where do pulmonary veins drain into?

Answer 4

left atrium

Question 5

where do SVC and IVC drain into?

Answer 5

right atrium

Question 6

visceral pleura is innervated by…

Answer 6

pulmonary plexus

Question 7

Where will bronchial veins drain into?

Answer 7

azygos and hemiazygos veins

Question 8

what kind of blood do the alveoli receive from terminal branches of pulmonary artery?

Answer 8

deoxygenated blood

Question 9

what nerves make up the pulmonary plexus?

Answer 9

sympathetic trunk + parasympathetic fibers from vagus nerve

Question 10

a fibroserous sac that encloses heart and roots of great vessels

Answer 10

pericardium

Question 11

functions of pericardium

Answer 11

• restrict excessive movement of heart

- serves as lubricated container where heart contracts

Question 12

What is anterior to pericardium? posterior?

Answer 12

• body of sternum; 2nd to 6th costal cartilage

- 5-8 thoracic vertebrae

Question 13

Upon examination of a patient who had pneumothorax, what will be your findings?

Answer 13

• trachea and heart are displaced to the side opposite of affected lung.
• pt breathless and in a state of shock

Question 14

Why would a deep infection in the neck be able to spread readily into the thorax causing mediastinitis?

Answer 14

mediastinum structures are embedded in loose CT that is continuous w/ root of the neck

Question 15

what is mediastinoscopy?

Answer 15

diagnostic procedure wherein specimens of tracheobronchial lymph nodes are obtained without opening pleural cavities

Question 16

how many mL of clear fluid does the pleural cavity normally contain?

Answer 16

5-10 mL

Question 17

what stimulates the formation of pleural fluid?

Answer 17

hydrostatic and osmotic pressures

Question 18

how many mL of pleural fluid has to accumulate before pleural effusion can be clinically detected?

Answer 18

300 mL

Question 19

what are the clinical signs of pleural effusion?

Answer 19

• decreased lung expansion
• decreased breath sounds
• dullness on percussion over effusion

Question 20

what causes pleural adhesions?

Answer 20

occur when lungs are inflamed and fibroblasts invade the exudate, which coats the pleural surfaces.

Question 21

pleural adhesions

Answer 21

visceral pleura and parietal pleura are attached together due to inflammatory processes.

Question 22

spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 22

air enters pleural cavity suddenly w/o its cause being immediately apparent

Question 23

open pneumothorax

Answer 23

pleural cavity is opened to the outside air due to a penetrating wound through the thoracic wall

Question 24

tension pneumothorax

Answer 24

air in the lungs build up b/c it cannot exit therefore, affected lung collapses and the other lung is compressed by the displaced mediastinum

Question 25

hydropneumothorax

Answer 25

air in pleural cavity associated w/ serous fluid

Question 26

pyopneumothorax

Answer 26

air in pleural cavity associated w/ pus

Question 27

hemopneumothorax

Answer 27

air in pleural cavity associated w/ blood

Question 28

empyema

Answer 28

collection of pus w/o air in pleural cavity

Question 29

pleural effusion

Answer 29

excess serous fluid in pleural cavity`