Thoracic Cavity, Pleura and Lungs Flashcards
At what vertebral level is the trachea continuous with the larynx?
C6
What structures lie to the right and left of the trachea in the mediastinum?
Right-Azygos arch
Left -Aortic arch
What name is given to the ridge that separates primary bronchi?
Carina
Why is it more likely for foreign objects to enter the right primary bronchus?
It is wider, shorter and more vertically-oriented than the left
What do the main bronchi divide into?
Lobar bronchi
What name is given to the lobar bronchus of the right upper lobe?
The eparterial bronchus
What name is given to the lobar bronchus of the right upper lobe?
The eparterial bronchus
What do teh lobar bronchi become?
Segmentary bronchi
What is a bronchopulmonary segment?
Pyramid-shaped area of lung, with its apex directed towards the root of the lung and its base towards the outer lung surface
How many segments are in each lung?
10 in right, 8 in left
When may a bronchoscopy be performed?
Takes biopsies and to remove foreign objects
What is the smallest functional unit of the lung?
A segment
Why are segments clinically relevant
May be surgically removed without impeding on the other segments’ function
What are the surfaces of the lung?
Costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, apical
What is the hilum?
Area on the medial aspect of the lung where structures exit and leave
Which features are unique to the right lung?
Middle lobe
Horizontal fissure
Eparterial bronchus
Which features are unique to the left lung?
Lingula
Cardiac impression/notch
What structures are related to the mediastinal surface of the right lung?
Azygos vein
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Oesophagus
Venae Cavae
What structures are related to the mediastinal surface of the left lung?
Heart
Aortic arch
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Descending aorta
Left subclavian artery
What name is given to the surgical procedure where a lobe of the lung may be removed?
Lobectomy
Where are the left and right lobes of the diaphragm located during quiet respiration?
Left -5th intercostal space
Right - 5th rib
Where are the oblique fissures during quiet respiration?
Spinous process of T4 to 5th intercostal space laterally and following the contour of the 6th rib anteriorly
What is the approximate position of the horizontal fissure?
Horizontal line following 4th costal cartilage and 4th rib from sternum until it meets oblique fissure
Where do the bronchial arteries arise from?
Thoracic aorta or its branches
Where do the bronchial veins drain to?
Pulmonary and azygos veins
What are the two layers of pleura?
Visceral and parietal
What is the space between the layers of pleura called?
the pleural cavity
What is found in the pleural cavity?
Pleural fluid
What is the role of pleural fluid?
Allows friction-free movement of lungs
What is the most superior part of the pleura called?
Copula/cervical pleura/dome of pleura
What is the cervical parietal pleura strengthened by?
Suprapleural membrane
Where does the inferior margin of the lung cross the midclavicular line, the midaxillary line, the vertebral column?
C - 6
A - 8
V - 10
Where does the inferior margin of the pleura cross the midclavicular line, the midaxillary line, the vertebral column?
C - 8
A - 10
V - 12
What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
space between costal and diaphragmatic pleura
What is a chylothorax?
Lymph filling thoracic cavity
What is a pyothorax?
Pus filling thoracic cavity
What is the visceral pleura innervated by?
ANS
What can the visceral pleura sense?
Stretch
What can’t the visceral pleura sense?
Pain
What is the central diaphragmatic pleura innervated by?
Phrenic nerves
What is the peripheral diaphragmatic pleura innervated by?
Lower 5 intercostal nerves
