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FM1030 Anatomy > The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses > Flashcards

The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the nasal septum?

A

Vomer
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Nasal cartilage

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2
Q

What are the openings between the exterior and nasal cavity?

A

Nares

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3
Q

What name is given the openings onto the nasopharynx?

A

Choanae

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4
Q

What name is given to the superior part of the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory area

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5
Q

What is the name given to the dilated spaces internal to the nares?

A

Nasal vestibules

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6
Q

Which bones make up the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribriform plate of ethmoid plate
Nasal bones
Frontal bones
Sphenoid bones

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7
Q

What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Maxilla
Maxilla’s palatine process
Palatine bone and its horizontal process

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8
Q

What bones make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Maxilla
Inferior concha
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Palatine

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9
Q

What is the role of the conchae?

A

Increases the surface area of the mucosa

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10
Q

What is the name of the space under the conchae?

A

Meatus

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11
Q

What is the name of the space superior to the superior concha?

A

Sphenoethmoid recess

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12
Q

What drains into the sphenoethmoid recess?

A

Sphenoid recess

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13
Q

What drains into the superior meatus?

A

The posterior ethmoid air cells

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14
Q

What drains into the middles meatus?

A

Frontal sinus, Maxillary sinus, anterior and middle ethmoid air cells

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15
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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16
Q

What three nerves supply the nasal cavities?

A

Olfactory nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve

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17
Q

What is the role of the olfactory nerve in the nasal cavity?

A

Receives smell sensations

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18
Q

Where do axons of the olfactory nerve pass through?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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19
Q

What two divisions of the trigeminal nerve innervate the nasal cavity?

A

Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve

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20
Q

What is the role of the maxillary nerve in the nasal cavity?

A

General sensation from the postero-inferior division

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21
Q

What is the role of the ophthalmic nerve in the nasal cavity?

A

General sensation from the antero-superior division

22
Q

What is the role of the facial nerve in the nasal cavity?

A

Parasympathetic innervation to secretory glands

23
Q

What is the major arterial blood supply of the nasal cavity?

A

Branches of the ophthalmic and maxillary artery

24
Q

Where do both the maxillary and ophthalmic arteries arise from?

A

Maxillary - external carotid artery
Ophthalmic - internal carotid artery

25
Q

What is the clinical term for a nose bleed?

A

Epistaxis

26
Q

What is the most common site for epistaxis?

A

Little’s Area - antero-inferior part of septum

27
Q

What do veins draining the nose connect with?

A

Intracranial veins

28
Q

What are the connecting vessels between the nasal cavity’s veins and intracranial veins called?

A

Emissary veins

29
Q

What is the clinical importance of emissary veins?

A

It is a route by which infection from the nose can spread into the cranial cavity

30
Q

What lies superior to the roof of the sphenoidal sinus?

A

The pituitary gland

31
Q

Name a common complication of nasal infections?

A

Sinusitis

32
Q

What is the cause of headaches in sinusitis?

A

Pressure build-up

33
Q

What sinus is the most frequently infected and why?

A

Maxillary sinus due to the position of the openings well above the floor of the sinuses

34
Q

Which sinuses are often infected together and why?

A

Frontal and maxillary sinuses
Due to the close proximity of the openings, infections in the frontal sinus can often drain into the maxillary sinus with gravity

35
Q

What may happen in the case of infection of ethmoid air cells?

A

May invade the thin wall of bone forming the medial wall of the orbit
Infection may spread to optic nerve, possibly resulting in blindness

36
Q

Where may a patient experience tenderness while suffering with sinusitis in the frontal sinus?

A

Upward beneath medial end of superior orbital margin

37
Q

Where may a patient experience tenderness while suffering with sinusitis in the maxillary sinus?

A

Anterior wall of maxilla below inferior orbital margin

38
Q

Where may a patient experience tenderness while suffering with sinusitis in the ethmoid air cells?

A

Medially against medial end of orbit

39
Q

Where may a patient experience tenderness while suffering with sinusitis in the sphenoid sinus?

A

Not palpable

40
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of nasal mucosa

41
Q

Where may infections of the nasal cavity spread to?

A

Anterior cranial fossa
Nasopharynx
Middle ear
Paranasal sinuses
Conjunctiva

42
Q

How may infection spread to the anterior cranial fossa and what may this lead to?

A

Via the ethmoid cribriform plate along sheaths of olfactory nerves
Meningitis

43
Q

How may infection spread to the nasopharynx?

A

Via the choanae

44
Q

How may infection spread to the middle ear?

A

Eustachian tube

45
Q

How may infection spread to the paranasal sinuses?

A

Via the openings of the sinuses

46
Q

How may infection spread to the conjunctiva?

A

Via the nasolacrimal duct

47
Q

What nerves innervate the maxillary sinus and the upper jaw and teeth?

A

Infra-orbital and alveolar nerves - branches of the maxillary nerve

48
Q

Where may referred pain be felt in the case of maxillary sinusitis?

A

Upper jaw and teeth

49
Q

Where may referred pain be felt in the case of frontal sinusitis?

A

Scalp as far as the vertex

50
Q

What nerve innervates the frontal sinus and the skin of forehead and scalp as far as vertex?

A

Supraorbital nerve

FM1030 Anatomy (6 decks)

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