thoracic cancers

Question 1

3 types of non small cell lung cancer

Answer 1

1) adenocarcinoma
2) squamous cell carcinoma
3) large cell carcinoma

Question 2

three types of adenocarcinoma

Answer 2

1) preinvasive
2) minimally invasive
3) invasive

Question 3

what is the most frequent type of non small cell lung cancer

Answer 3

adenocarcinoma

Question 4

what is the most common patient in adenocarcinoma

Answer 4

women and non-smokers

Question 5

what is preinvasive adenocarcinoma called

Answer 5

adenocarcinoma in situ

Question 6

what are the two types of adenocarcinoma in situ

Answer 6

nonmucinous and mucinous and then mixed

Question 7

what is the most common type of AIS

Answer 7

nonmucinous

Question 8

how invasive is minimally invasive adenocarcinoma

Answer 8

invasion into the stroma is less than 0.5 cm; no invasion into lymphovascular or pleural structures

Question 9

how invasive is invasive adenocarcinoma

Answer 9

greater than 0.5 cm

Question 10

what is the location of invasive adenocarcinoma

Answer 10

peripheral

Question 11

what are the gross features of invasive adenocarcinoma

Answer 11

gray-white, firm, lobulated with scarring with pleural puckering

Question 12

what are the three histologic patterns seen in invasive adenocarcinoma

Answer 12

1) acinar
2) papillary
3) solid (sheets of tumor cells with intracytoplasmic mucin)

Question 13

what is the most common histology of lung cancer globally

Answer 13

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 14

where is squamous cell carcinoma located

Answer 14

centrally

Question 15

what two cancers have a strong association with smoking

Answer 15

squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma

Question 16

histology of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 16

1) keratinization
2) intracellular bridges (desmosomal attachments between cells)
3) cleared chromatin and prominent nucleoli

Question 17

location of large cell carcinoma

Answer 17

peripheral

Question 18

histology of large cell carcinoma

Answer 18

no glandular or squamous differentiation; sheets of cells
large cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm
prominent nucleoli and vesicular nuclear chromatin

Question 19

small cell carcinoma is _____ of lung tumors

Answer 19

15-20%

Question 20

location of small cell carcinoma

Answer 20

central mass with extensive hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy

Question 21

pathology of small cell carcinoma

Answer 21

high n/c ratio, nuclei with stippled (salt and pepper) chromatin, very mitotically active, “crush” artifacts (nuclear crowding)
high grade NE tumor

Question 22

low grade form of small cell carcinoma

Answer 22

carcinoid tumors

Question 23

location of carcinoid tumors

Answer 23

central (often causing obstructive sx)

Question 24

what do carcinoid tumors look like?

Answer 24

well-circumscribed, yellow or cherry red, fleshy, smooth surface

Question 25

histology of carcinoid tumors

Answer 25

can grow in multiple patterns, inc. nests, cords, and ribbons round/ovoid/spindle shaped cells with uniform cell size

Question 26

what is the most common lung neoplasm?

Answer 26

metastasis to the lung

Question 27

when do we see pulmonary hamartoma

Answer 27

6-7th decade

Question 28

location of pulmonary hamartoma

Answer 28

peripheral and often asymptomatic

Question 29

popcorn calcification

Answer 29

gross description of pulmonary hamartoma

Question 30

is the pulmonary hamartoma benign or malignant

Answer 30

benign!

Question 31

mesenchymal tumor in the pleura

Answer 31

solitary fibrous tumor

Question 32

where do solitary fibrous tumors arise

Answer 32

most in the visceral pleura, but can arise in the lung

Question 33

gross pathology of solitary fibrous tumors

Answer 33

solitary, well-circumscribed, slow-growing, firm, whitish, whorled appearance

Question 34

histology of solitary fibrous tumors

Answer 34

patternless, has a mix of hypo cellular (less pink) and hyper cellular (more pink) areas

Question 35

two histologic types of malignant mesothelioma

Answer 35

epithelioid and sarcomatoid

Question 36

most common sign of mets to the pleura

Answer 36

pleural effusion

Question 37

most common anterior mediastinal lesion

Answer 37

thymoma

Question 38

most common middle mediastinal lesion

Answer 38

bronchogenic cyst

Question 39

most common posterior mediastinal lesion

Answer 39

nerve sheath tumor