ent cancers

Question 1

risk factors for oropharyngeal SCC

Answer 1

alcohol, tobacco, hpv 16

Question 2

where do we see hpv positive head and neck tumors

Answer 2

tonsil/base of tongus

Question 3

histology of hpv positive tumors

Answer 3

non-keratinizing

Question 4

benign lesion of the larynx

Answer 4

vocal cord nodule

Question 5

malignant lesion of the larynx

Answer 5

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 6

epidemiology of vocal cord nodule

Answer 6

adults, men, smokers or those with great vocal cord strain

Question 7

signs of vocal cord nodule

Answer 7

voice changes, progressive hoarseness

Question 8

histology of vocal cord nodule

Answer 8

squamous epithelial lining, core of nodule loose mixed connective tissue, occasional hemorrhage or edema

Question 9

why do we get vocal cord nodules?

Answer 9

the vocal cord does not have lymphatics–fluid accumulates with trauma but does not have any where to go

Question 10

squamous cell carcinoma of the laynrx

Answer 10

associated with smoking and asbestos exposure; most common on vocal cords
prognosis is correlate with location of tumor/stage

Question 11

subglottic vs. glottic tumors squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 11

glottic tumors–tend to be well differentiated and slow growing (late to met)
subglottic (below the vocal cords)–tend to be less differentiated, more invasive with early mets to regional lymph nodes

Question 12

nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Answer 12

benign lesion in the nose/sinus
found in adolescent males
expresses androgen receptors
highly vascular (bleeding risk)

Question 13

unexplained nose bleeding in young man; and hard to control think–>?

Answer 13

nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Question 14

malignant lesion of the nose/sinus?

Answer 14

nasopharyngeal carcioma

Question 15

nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with?

Answer 15

EBV

Question 16

what tumor is radiosensisitve

Answer 16

the undifferentiated type (lymphoepitheilal carcinoma) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 17

benign lesion in the salivary gland

Answer 17

pleomorphic adenoma (60% of parotid tumors)–this is a mixed tumor

Question 18

where are most benign lesions in the salivary gland

Answer 18

parotid gland

Question 19

malignant lesion in the salivary gland

Answer 19

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 20

radiation-induced tumor in the salivary gland

Answer 20

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 21

low vs. high grade mucodermoid carcinoma

Answer 21

low grade--more mucus secreting (more glandular)
high grade (largely squamous)--invasive and a lower survival rate

Question 22

sinonasal papilloma

Answer 22

inverted in the most common of sinonasal papilloma; locally aggressive, high local rate of recurrence; can undergo malignant transformation to SCC (10%); morbidity related to growth into orbit or other vital structures

Question 23

histology of inverted sinonasal papilloma

Answer 23

inverted (endophytic growth) of non-keratinizing squamous/transitional epithelium admixed with mucus cells