Thoracic cage and vertebra Flashcards
movement of thoracic spine?
superior and inferior facets are vertical and face slightly medially - allow some rotation but no flexion
Intervertebral disc has?
outer anulus fibrosis and central nucleous pulposus
nucleolus pulposus made up of ?
gelatinous 70-90% water
absorbs compression between vertebrae and has relative collegn content which inc with age
anulus fiborsus?
fibrocartilage arranged in lamellar config
attached and kept in place by anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
how is IV disc supplied?
periphery supplied by neighbouring capillaries
centre supplied by diffusion from body of vertebra
true ribs
1-7
attach sternum directly through costal cartilae
false ribs
8-10
attach sternum indirectly through neighbouring costal cartilage
floating ribs
11-12
do not articulate with the sternum
what does the costal groove do?
protects the intercostal nerves and vessels
rib 1?
groove for subclavian vein
has scalene tubercle for attachent to anterior scalene muscle
groove for subclavian artery (and inferior trunk (C8 and T1) of brachial plexus
single facet for articulation with T! vertebra only
no costal groove
rib 2?
tuberosity for serratus anterior
ribs 11 and 12
do not articulate with sternum - heads articulate with T11 and T12 respectively
do not articulate with trasnverse processes
what level is the sternal angle (of Louis)
T4/5 and 2nd costal cartilage
clavicular notch
two on each side of manubrium where clavicles attach
jugular notch
also known as suprasternal notch
costovertebral joint?
each rub except for 1, 11 and 12 articulates with superior costal facet of its own no vertbra and inferior costal facet of vertebra above
joints are synovial supported by capsule and ligaments
costotransverse joint
each tubercle of each rib - except 11 and 12 - articulate with trasverse process of own numbered vertebra
rib 6 - articulates with bodies of T5 and T6, and transverse process of T6, therefore neck lies slightly obliquely
which costotransverse joints have curved facets allowing for rotatory movement? why is this important?
costotrasverse joints 1-7 have curved facets allowing rotatory moment whereas joints 8, 9, and 10 have flat facets allowing gliding movement,
this is significant in respiratory movements of the thoracic wall.
costochondral / costosternal joints
costochondral - all ribs articulate anterior with costal cartilage via primary cartilaginous (hyaline) joint
costosternal - CC of rib 1-7 articulate with sternum via synovial joints to allow movement
exception is CC1 which is primary cartilaginous joint which makes thoracic inlet more stable
which CC are horizontal and which are oblique? why is this important?
CC of 1-4 are horizontal
5-9 are increasingly oblique
this is significant to respiratory mechanisms
diameters of rib cage
truncated cone where transverse diameter > sagittal siameter
thoracic inlet boundaries?
T1 vertebra
1st rib and its CC
manubrium
thoracic inlet slope?
slopes antero-inferiorly (to level of T2/3) from transverse plane
what organ passes through the thoracic inlet and to what level?
apex of lung extends 2-3cm above anterior part of 1st rib and clavicle
