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MD3001 : Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

From where does RA receive blood?

A

superior and inferior vena cavas (IVC)

and the coronary sinus

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2
Q

What 2 continuous spaces does RA consist of? What separates them?

A

Sinus of the vena cava
the right auricle

The boundary between them is known as the crista terminalis (rough anterior wall)

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3
Q

What causes the roughness of the anterior surface of the right atrium?

A

Mm. pectinati

also known as the pecinate muscles

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4
Q

what do the pectinate muscles do?

A

the pectinate muscles provide some power of contraction without significantly thickening the cardiac wall

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5
Q

the posterior surface of the RA is?

A

smooth
vessels drain into this part
it has the fossa ovalis

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6
Q

Where is the fossa ovalis and what does it do?

A

The fossa ovalis is on the right side of the Interarterial septum

the site of the foramen ovale in the foetus

its margin in the limbus fossae ovalis

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7
Q

Opening of SVC in heart at what level?

A

right 3rd costal cartilage

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8
Q

Features of SVC?

A 
no valve 
intervenous tubercle (above fossa ovalis) directs the blood?
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9
Q

opening of the IVC?

A

has a valve (embryology)

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10
Q

opening of the coronary sinus?

A

has a valve to prevent the regurgitation of blood back out into the coronary veins

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11
Q

Where does Rv sit?

A

on central tendon of the diaphragm

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12
Q

how thick is the RV?

A

it is 3-4mm

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13
Q

whats the infundibulum of the heart?

A

conus arteriosis

pouch formed from upper and left angle of the right ventricle from which the pulmonary trunk arises

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14
Q

what does the infundibulum arise from? what is it?

A

the bulbus cordis of the embryo

also known as the conus arteriosus

it is the outflow tract (pulmonary trunk)of the RV and has smooth muscle to reduce resistance of outflow

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15
Q

what do walls of the RV have?

A

numerous muscular, irregular structures known as

trabecula carnea

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16
Q

Morphologically there are 3 types of muscles on the walls of the RV…?

A

Trabecula carnea
Septomarginal trabecula (moderator band) - ONLY IN RV
Papillary muscles

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17
Q

what is the septomarginal trabeculae?

A

moderator band

bridge between IV septum and anterior papillary muscle

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18
Q

where is septomarginal trabeculae

A

Only in the Right ventricle.

attaches interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle

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19
Q

what is the function of the septomarginal trabeculae?

A

carries the right bundle branch of the AV bundle of the cardiac conduction system

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20
Q

How many papillary muscles in RV?

A

3

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21
Q

what do papillary muscles do?

A

fibrous chords called Chorda tendinea run between the papillary muscles and the edges of the tricuspid valve cusps - they do this to prevent the evertion of cusps and regurgitation of blood into the atria during systole

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22
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right AV orifice
has 3 cusps (anterior, posterior and septal)
base of each cusp attaches to fibrous ring (anulus fibrosis) and blood flows forward and medially though

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23
Q

pulmonary valve

A

3 semilunar cusps - anterior right and left

each cusp forms a pulmonary sinus which helps the closure of the pulmonary valves after systole

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24
Q

what border of the heart does the left atrium form?

A

the base of the heart

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25
Q

what does left atrium consist of?

A

left atrium and left auricle

26
Q

whats the falx septi?

A

this is a depressed area on the interventricular septum of the LA which is caused by the fusion of the foramen ovale

27
Q

pressure in LV

A

70-120mmhg

28
Q

wall thickness in LV

A

thickest wall 8-12mm

29
Q

the apex of the heart belongs to?

A

the left ventricle

30
Q

blood flow in the left ventricle

A

anterior towards apex

31
Q

whats the outflow tract of the LV

A

the aortic vestibule

32
Q

ridges in LV wall known as?

A

trabecula carnea

33
Q

mitral valve?

A

bicuspid valve on left atrium/ventricle.

has 2 cusps - anterior and posterior which attach to left fibrous ring (anulus fibrosis)

chodra tendinea attached to free margins

34
Q

Aortic valve

A

3 semilunar cusps - right left and posterior

between superior surface of cusps and aortic wall are aortic sinuses

35
Q

what originates from the aortic sinuses

A

the left and right coronary arteries originate from the left and right aortic sinuses

36
Q

where do the left and right coronary arteries originate from

A

the left and right aortic sinuses in the aortic valve

37
Q

fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

heart has structural support formed by fibrous rings with connecting areas

38
Q

how many fibrous rings does the heart have and where are they?

A

the heart has 4 - around Aortic valve, aortic orifices and the pulmonary trunk

39
Q

what are the function of the 4 fibrous rings (anulosus fibrosis)?

A

points of attachment for cusps
insertion for atrial and ventricular muscles
insulates atria from ventricles
independent atrial and ventricular contraction

40
Q

what is the only conduction between the 4 anulosis fibrosis rings?

A

atrioventricular bundle of His should be the only conduction between them (arrhythmias)

41
Q

endocardium

A

thin layer of endothelium lines inner surface of walls and valves - recieves o2 and nutrients directly from chambers of heart

42
Q

myocardium

A

atrial musculature, ventricular musculature, muscles arranged in spiral and circular bundles and orginate and insert on fibrous skeleton

43
Q

epicardium

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

44
Q

layers of the pericardium from organ outwards

A

visceral (layer of serous)
pericardial cavity
parietal layer (of serous)
fibrous pericardium

45
Q

layers of cardiac wall

A

inner - endocardium with the trabeculae carneae, then myocardium which is the muscle, then the pericardium

46
Q

where do coronary blood vessels lie in relation to the pericardium

A

coronary blood vessels lie between pericardium and myocardium (between coating and the muscle)

47
Q

superior right corner of heart

A

3rd CC 2cm right of midline

48
Q

inferior right corner of heart (apex)

A

6th CC 2cm right of midline

49
Q

Left inferior corner of heart

A

5th CC 7-9cm left of midline

50
Q

left superior corner of the heart

A

2nd costal cartilage 3 cm left of midline

51
Q

tricuspid valve?

A

behind right half of the sternum at level of 4th intercostal space

52
Q

mitral valve surface?

A

posterior to articulation between left 4th CC and sternum

53
Q

aortic valve sounds

A

2nd intercostal space at right sternal margin

54
Q

pulmonary valve soudns

A

2nd intercostal space at left sternal margin

55
Q

mitral valve sounds

A

blood flow anterior and inferior towards apex so posterior to articulation between left 4th CC and sternum

heart apex (5th intercostal space) in line with middle of clavicle

56
Q

tricuspid valve sounds

A

blood flow anterior and medially (towards left) so.. if valve is behind right half of the sternum at level of 4th intercostal space

sound heard at right sternal margin of 5th intercostal space

57
Q

pulmonary blood flow

A

up and left

58
Q

tricuspid blood flow

A

left

59
Q

mitral blood flow

A

anterior and down towards apex

60
Q

aortic blood flow

A

up and right

MD3001 : Anatomy (3 decks)

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