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REAL OS 1 final > Thoracic And Lumbar Mechanics LECT > Flashcards

Thoracic And Lumbar Mechanics LECT Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical Curvature?

A

Lordosis

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2
Q

Thoracic Curvature?

A

Kyphosis

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3
Q

Lumbar Curvature?

A

Lordosis

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4
Q

Sacral Curvature?

A

Kyphosis

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5
Q

Describe the body of the Thoracic Vertebra

A

Medium size
Heart Shaped
Costal Facets present

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6
Q

Describe the spinous process of the thoracic vertebra

A

Long

Slope postero-inferiorly

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7
Q

Describe the body of the lumbar vertebra

A

Large

Kidney shape

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8
Q

Describe the spinous process of the lumbar vertebra

A

Short

Broad

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9
Q

What is a vertebral unit composed of?

A

Two adjacent vertebrae

Associated intervertebral disc

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10
Q

Thoracic spinous process located in same plane as the transverse process

A

T1-3, 12

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11
Q

Thoracic spinous process located 1/2 segment below corresponding transverse process

A

T4-6, 11

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12
Q

Thoracic spinous process located at the level of the transverse process of the vertebra below

A

T7-9, 10

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13
Q

Cervical Superior Facet orientation

A

Backward, Upward, Medial (BUM)

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14
Q

Thoracic superior facet orientation

A

Backward, upward, lateral (BUL)

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15
Q

Lumbar Superior Facet Orientation

A

Backward, Medial (BM)

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16
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament description and action

A

Strong, broad, fibrous band that covers and connects the anterolateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and IV discs

Limits extension

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17
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Narrower, weaker band, runs w/in the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

Resists hyperflexion

Prevents posterior herniation of nucleus pulposus

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18
Q

Ligamentum flava

A

Connect the laminae of adjacent vertebra

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19
Q

Interspinous Ligaments

A

Connects adjoining spinous processes

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20
Q

Intertransverse Ligaments

A

Connects adjoining transverse processes

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21
Q

Iliolumbar ligament

A

Attaches superior aspect of ilium to transverse processes of L4–5
Strengthens sacral joint

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22
Q

Rotatores Ms OIA

A

O/I: T1-12, bw transverse and spinous processes of adjacent vertebra
A: Bilateral - extends thoracic spine
Unilateral - Rotates thoracic spine to the opposite side

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23
Q

Multifidus M. OIAN

A

O: Sacrum, ilium, mamillary processes of L1-L55, transverse and articular processes of T1-T4, C4-C7
I: Superiomedially to spinous processes, skipping 2-4 vertebrae
A: Bilateral - extends spine
Unilateral - flexes spine to same side, rotates it to opposite side
N: Spinal Ns

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24
Q

Semispinalis Ms. Action

A

Bilateral: Extends thoracic and cervical spines and head (stabilizes craniovertebral joints)

Unilateral: Bends head, cervical, and thoracic spines to same side, rotates to opposite side

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25
Vertebral Flexion
S1 to vertical C7 | 40-90 deg
26
Vertebral Extension
S1 to vertical C7 | 20-45 deg
27
Vertebral Sidebending
S1 to vertical C7 | 15-30 deg
28
Vertebral rotation
Center of head to acromion, ASIS | 3-8 deg
29
What is coupled motion?
Consistent association of a motion along or about one axis, with another motion about or along a 2nd axis The principle motion cannot be produced w/o the associated motion occurring as well
30
Linkage (i.e. effect on ROM)
Relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures ROM - putting multiple joints together allows excess motion
31
Physiologic barrier
Limit of active motion
32
Anatomic Barrier
Limit of motion imposed by anatomic structure Limit of passive motion
33
Elastic barrier
Range between physiologic and anatomic barrier of motion in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue disruption
34
Restrictive barrier
Functional limit within anatomic range of motion Abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range
35
Restrictions of motion in the spine cause ____
Reduced efficiency Impaired flow of fluid Altered nerve fxn Structural imbalance
36
Excessive motion (restriction) is in reference to the vertebra ____ in a functional vertebral unit
Above | I.e. excess motion of L2 is the motion of L2 on L3
37
Describe Type I mechanics
``` TONGO Type One Neutral Grouped Opposite sides (i.e RrSl or RlSr) ```
38
Type II mechanics
``` TTOSS Type Two nOt neutral Single segment (not grouped) Same direction (RrSr, RlSl) ```
39
Fryette’s Principles
Type 1 mechanics Type 2 Mechanics Fryette’s Third Principle
40
Fryette’s 3rd principle
Initiating movement of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the movement of that segment in other planes of motion If movement is restricted in one direction, motion will be restricted in other directions If movement is improved in one direction, motion will improve in other directions
41
Rotation: Plane and axis
Plane: Transverse/Horizontal Axis: Superior-inferior
42
Sidebending Plane and Axis
Plane: Coronal/Frontal Axis: Anterior-Posterior
43
Flexion/Extension Plane and axis
Plane: Sagittal Axis: Horizontal (L to R)
44
A PTP on the R will indicate what?
R rotation Same for PTP on the L
45
Spine of the scapula is a landmark for what segment?
T3 transverse and spinous processes
46
Inferior angle of the scapula is a landmark for what segment?
Spinous process of T7 Transverse process of T8
47
Iliac crest is a landmark for what vertebra?
L4 vertebra
48
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine 2% of population F>M
49
Dextroscoliosis
Curvature to the R
50
Levoscoliosis
Curvature to the L
51
Physical exam of scoliosis
Asymmetry at waist, shoulders Rib cage prominence (+ forward bending test) Cobb Angle Leg length discrepencies
52
Complications of Scoliosis
``` Respiratory compromise (Cobb Angle >50 deg) Cardiac compromise (Cobb angle >75) ```
53
Management of Scoliosis
OMT based on Cobb Angle <25 deg - conservative, monitor with radiographs 25-45 deg - non operative, bracing >45 deg - Surgical fusion, prevents progression
54
Radiculopathy
Pain with dermatomal distribution, impaired neurological fxn (LE weakness, diminished reflexes) Typically acute, may become chronic + SLR
55
Straight Leg Raise Test
Raise the leg with knee extended + test = pain, pain from 15-30 deg indicates lumbar disc etiology
56
Malingering test
Actively raise leg with knee extended + test = no activation of contralateral hip extensors Indicates malingering and lack of effort
57
Spinal Stenosis
``` Bi LE pain Neurogenic claudication Impaired neurologic fxn Typically chronic W/u: MRI + SLR ```
58
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Impaired neurologic fxn - Saddle anesthesia - LE weakness - Diminished reflexes - Urinary Retention Emergent, usually traumatic W/U: MRI
59
Spina Bifida Occulta
Failure of the neural tube to close without herniation
60
Meningocele
Failure of the neural tube to close with protrusions of the meninges through the defect
61
Myelomeningocele
Failure of the neural tube to close with protrusion of the meninges and the spinal cord through the defect
62
Sacralization
One or both TPs of L5 are long and articulate with the sacrum (DJD)
63
Lumbarization
Failure of S1 to fuse with the rest of the sacrum (Not common)
64
Spina Bifida anatomic variation
Defect in the closure of the lamina
65
Spondylosis
Vertebral bone spurs
66
Spondylolysis
Vertebral transverse process fracture No vertebral malalignment Scotty dog with collar on lumbar imaging
67
Spondylolethesis
Slipping of one vertebra on another
68
What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for head and neck?
T1-T4
69
What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for heart?
T1-T5
70
What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for lungs?
T2-T7
71
What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for the adrenal medulla?
T10
72
What is the viscerosomatic reflex for Appendix?
T12
73
What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for esophagus/UE
T2-T8
74
What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for Upper Genitourinary?
T10-T11
75
What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for lower GU?
T12-L2
76
What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for bladder?
T11-L2
77
What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for Upper GI?
T5-T9
78
What is the viscerosomatic reflex for middle GI?
T10-T11
79
What is the viscerosomatic reflex for lower GI?
T12-L2
80
What is the viscerosomatic reflex for uterus and cervix?
T10-L2
81
What is the viscerosomatic reflex for LE, urethra, and erectile tissue?
T11-L2
82
What is the viscerosomatic reflex for the prostate?
T12-L2

REAL OS 1 final (9 decks)

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