Thoracic and Lumbar ME

Question 1

Fryette’s principle 1

Answer 1

when spine neutral, rotation and sidebending in opposite directions

Question 2

Fryette’s principle 2

Answer 2

when spine is flexed or extended (beyond neutral), rotation and sidebending of at least one segment will be to same side

Question 3

Fryette’s principle 3

Answer 3

initiation of motion in any one plane will modify motion in the other 2 planes

Question 4

type I dysfunction

Answer 4

sidebending first, then rotation

Question 5

type II dysfunction

Answer 5

rotation first, then sidebending

Question 6

how are dysfunctions named

Answer 6

position of anterior aspect of superior bone in relation to inferior bone

Question 7

facet angles cervical spine

Answer 7

backward, upward, medial, 60 degrees

Question 8

characteristics of thoracic vertebra

Answer 8

bodies are heart shaped, spinous processes are longer and caudally directed

Question 9

levels of greater splanchnics

Answer 9

T5-T9

Question 10

levels of lesser splanchnics

Answer 10

T10, T11

Question 11

levels of least splanchnics

Answer 11

T12

Question 12

levels of lumbar splanchnics

Answer 12

L1-L2

Question 13

spinal reflex level of the heart

Answer 13

T1-T5

Question 14

spinal reflex level of the stomach

Answer 14

greater splanchnic

Question 15

spinal reflex level of the liver and gallbladder

Answer 15

T6-T9

Question 16

spinal reflex levels of the pancreas

Answer 16

T5-T11

Question 17

spinal reflex level of the small intestine

Answer 17

T9-T11

Question 18

spinal reflex level of the colon and rectum

Answer 18

T8-L2

Question 19

spinal reflex level of the kidney and ureters

Answer 19

T10-L1

Question 20

spinal reflex level of the bladder

Answer 20

T10-L1

Question 21

spinal reflex level of the ovary and fallopian tubes

Answer 21

T9-T10

Question 22

spinal reflex level of the testicle and epididymis

Answer 22

T9-T10, L1-L2

Question 23

spinal reflex level of the uterus

Answer 23

T10-L1

Question 24

describe the innervation of vertebrae

Answer 24

1. nerves have branches to periosteum and the medullary branch
2. both myelinated and unmyelinated
3. both sympathetics and parasympathetics

Question 25

where does the medullary branch run

Answer 25

next to medullary artery through nutrient foramen into center of bone marrow

Question 26

what do the vertebral nerves innervate

Answer 26

carry sympathetics and parasympathetics to 1. vascular supply 2. sinusoidal parts and parenchymal elements where hematopoiesis occurs

Question 27

relationship of myelination and hematopoiesis

Answer 27

completes before hematopoiesis, indicates that there is a relationship to the generation of stem cells

Question 28

what is spinal facilitation

Answer 28

a spinal cord segment in which the activity of the interneuronal pool has been altered from its normal activity

Question 29

what makes up the interneuronal pool

Answer 29

different types of interneurons like alpha and beta afferent

Question 30

what makes up a spinal cord segment

Answer 30

1/2 a vertebra superior and 1/2 a vertebra inferior

Question 31

where is the ventral root derived from

Answer 31

ventral portion of neural tube

Question 32

primary efferent fibers

Answer 32

ventral root

Question 33

primary afferent fibers

Answer 33

dorsal root

Question 34

type of fiber is ventral root

Answer 34

motor primary efferent fibers

Question 35

type of fiber is dorsal root

Answer 35

sensory primary afferent fibers

Question 36

where is dorsal root derived from

Answer 36

neural crest cells migrating away from dorsal ridge

Question 37

embryology of neural tube

Answer 37

has NO longitudinal differentiation, is homogenous, has dorsal and ventral sides (dorsal is toward skin)

Question 38

what is the spinal nerve

Answer 38

combination of dorsal and ventral roots at the level of an intervertebral disc

Question 39

what is a somite

Answer 39

repetitive segments that give rise to dermatomes, myotomes, and sclerotomes

Question 40

what occurs with a lack of longitudinal segmentation

Answer 40

allows for spread of information above and below for several segments

Question 41

describe alpha afferent sensory fibers

Answer 41

1. encapsulated endings 2. large 3. myelinated 4. low threshold for activation (easily activated) 5. touch and proprioception 6. line labeled

Question 42

describe beta afferent sensory fibers

Answer 42

1. non-encapsulated endings 2. small 3. lightly or unmyelinated 4. activated by noxious stimuli (pain) in soma or viscera 5. general adaptive response 6. frequency coded (rate coded)