STT, Motion, Direct, Indirect

Question 1

what are soft tissues

Answer 1

arteries, cartilage, fascia, ligaments, lymphatic channels, muscles, organs, skin, tendons, veins - any tissue other than bone or teeth

Question 2

what tissues help with posture and support?

Answer 2

muscles, tendon, ligament, fascia

Question 3

what tissues help with circulation?

Answer 3

arteries, veins, lymphatics, muscles

Question 4

what tissues help with transport?

Answer 4

GI, UG

Question 5

what tissues are protective?

Answer 5

skin, mucous membranes

Question 6

what is extraperitoneal (subserous) fascia?

Answer 6

covers, supports, lubricates organs

Question 7

what is deep fascia?

Answer 7

compartmentalizes, fascilitates, limits, and directs motiojn

Question 8

what is superficial fascia

Answer 8

insulates, stores energy, skin mobility

Question 9

what is Wolff’s law?

Answer 9

where form follows function: biologic systems deform in relation to lines of stress placed upon them (structure function relationship)

Question 10

what is Hooke’s law?

Answer 10

the amount by which a material is deformed is linearly related to the force causing the deformation (the stress)

Question 11

what is somatic dysfunction

Answer 11

when the tissue responds to patterns of motion or restrictions produced by the adaptation to mechanical stressors by tissue texture changes, asymmetry, restricted ROM, and tenderness

Question 12

what is contracture

Answer 12

abnormal fixing of shortened muscle

Question 13

what is muscle bogginess

Answer 13

increased fluid in muscle

Question 14

what is ropiness

Answer 14

chronically contracted muscle

Question 15

5 effects of soft tissue technique

Answer 15

mechanical, circulatory, neurologic, metabolic/analgesic, psychologic

Question 16

circulatory effects of soft tissue technique

Answer 16

increased movement of fluids through vessels and tissue more efficiently, relieve lymph congestion

Question 17

neurologic effects of STT

Answer 17

stimulatory or inhibitory

Question 18

metabolic/analgesic effects of STT

Answer 18

release of endogenous opioids, modulate spinal reflex pathways, decreased stimulation of nerve endings with correlated somatic dysfunctions, increase immune response

Question 19

what is a lateral stretch

Answer 19

kneading or stretching perpendicular to fiber direction

Question 20

what is a longitudinal stretch

Answer 20

kneading or stretching parallel to fiber direction

Question 21

what is the inhibition technique of STT

Answer 21

apply steady pressure to relax tissues

Question 22

what is effleurage

Answer 22

stroking movement

Question 23

what is petrissage

Answer 23

deep kneading or squeezing

Question 24

what is tapotement

Answer 24

striking belly of muscle in rapid succession to increase tone

Question 25

what is klapping

Answer 25

striking the skin with cupped palms to produce vibrations in an attempt to loosen material in hollow tubes or sac in the body

Question 26

mechanical effects of STT

Answer 26

break up adhesions, increase ROM, release fascial restrictions

Question 27

patient factors that influence the decision to do OMM

Answer 27

patient age, disease, type/degree of injury, OMM history

Question 28

direct technique

Answer 28

engaging the restrictive barrier but not past anatomic barrier, can be active or passive

Question 29

indirect technique

Answer 29

moving away from the barrier or restriction, moving into the physiologic barrier, never moves through anatomic barrier,

Question 30

what is balanced tension technique/fluid technique

Answer 30

oscillate the body inside physiologic ROM without directly engaging a barrier, moves to neutral point

Question 31

axis and plane of flexion and extension

Answer 31

axis: transverse
plane: sagittal

Question 32

axis and plane of rotation

Answer 32

axis: vertical
plane: transverse

Question 33

axis and plane of sidebending

Answer 33

axis: AP
plane: coronal

Question 34

cervical facet orientation

Answer 34

backward, up (45 degree), medial (BUM)

Question 35

thoracic facet orientation

Answer 35

backward, up (60degrees), lateral (BUL)

Question 36

lumbar facet orientation

Answer 36

backward and medial, 90 degree direction (BM)

Question 37

normal cervical vertebrae movement

Answer 37

sidebending of C2-C6 and C6/C7 accompanied by simultaneous rotation to same side

Question 38

what holds the dens to the atlas and why is this significant

Answer 38

alar ligament, RA and down syndrome compromise this ligament and create a lot of instability

Question 39

dominant movement at C2/C3, C3/C4?

Answer 39

rotation

Question 40

dominant motion from C4 down??

Answer 40

sidebending

Question 41

order of R/S in extension?

Answer 41

rotation precedes sidebending

Question 42

significance of occipitoatlantal joint

Answer 42

50% of cervical flexion/extension occurs here

Question 43

significance of atlantoaxial joint

Answer 43

50% of cervical rotation occurs here

Question 44

thoracic superior facet direction

Answer 44

slightly convex, face posterior, superiorly and laterally (BUL)

Question 45

thoracic inferior facet direction

Answer 45

faces anterior and medial

Question 46

ranges of motion in thoracic spine in greatest to least

Answer 46

rotation, sidebending, flexion, extension

Question 47

what is the major factor in thoracic stability?

Answer 47

costal cage, ribs alone restrict motion of thoracic spine

Question 48

ranges of motion in lumbar spine in greatest to least

Answer 48

extension, flexion, rotation/sidebending

Question 49

inferior articular facet of lumbar vertebra direction

Answer 49

anteriolateral

Question 50

what is lumbarization

Answer 50

when S1 does not fuse to S2, and S2 is basically the sacral base

Question 51

what is sacralization

Answer 51

when L5 is basically fused with sacrum functionally becoming sacral base