STT, Motion, Direct, Indirect Flashcards
what are soft tissues
arteries, cartilage, fascia, ligaments, lymphatic channels, muscles, organs, skin, tendons, veins - any tissue other than bone or teeth
what tissues help with posture and support?
muscles, tendon, ligament, fascia
what tissues help with circulation?
arteries, veins, lymphatics, muscles
what tissues help with transport?
GI, UG
what tissues are protective?
skin, mucous membranes
what is extraperitoneal (subserous) fascia?
covers, supports, lubricates organs
what is deep fascia?
compartmentalizes, fascilitates, limits, and directs motiojn
what is superficial fascia
insulates, stores energy, skin mobility
what is Wolff’s law?
where form follows function: biologic systems deform in relation to lines of stress placed upon them (structure function relationship)
what is Hooke’s law?
the amount by which a material is deformed is linearly related to the force causing the deformation (the stress)
what is somatic dysfunction
when the tissue responds to patterns of motion or restrictions produced by the adaptation to mechanical stressors by tissue texture changes, asymmetry, restricted ROM, and tenderness
what is contracture
abnormal fixing of shortened muscle
what is muscle bogginess
increased fluid in muscle
what is ropiness
chronically contracted muscle
5 effects of soft tissue technique
mechanical, circulatory, neurologic, metabolic/analgesic, psychologic
circulatory effects of soft tissue technique
increased movement of fluids through vessels and tissue more efficiently, relieve lymph congestion
neurologic effects of STT
stimulatory or inhibitory
metabolic/analgesic effects of STT
release of endogenous opioids, modulate spinal reflex pathways, decreased stimulation of nerve endings with correlated somatic dysfunctions, increase immune response
what is a lateral stretch
kneading or stretching perpendicular to fiber direction
what is a longitudinal stretch
kneading or stretching parallel to fiber direction
what is the inhibition technique of STT
apply steady pressure to relax tissues
what is effleurage
stroking movement
what is petrissage
deep kneading or squeezing
what is tapotement
striking belly of muscle in rapid succession to increase tone
what is klapping
striking the skin with cupped palms to produce vibrations in an attempt to loosen material in hollow tubes or sac in the body
mechanical effects of STT
break up adhesions, increase ROM, release fascial restrictions
patient factors that influence the decision to do OMM
patient age, disease, type/degree of injury, OMM history
direct technique
engaging the restrictive barrier but not past anatomic barrier, can be active or passive
indirect technique
moving away from the barrier or restriction, moving into the physiologic barrier, never moves through anatomic barrier,
what is balanced tension technique/fluid technique
oscillate the body inside physiologic ROM without directly engaging a barrier, moves to neutral point
axis and plane of flexion and extension
axis: transverse
plane: sagittal
axis and plane of rotation
axis: vertical
plane: transverse
axis and plane of sidebending
axis: AP
plane: coronal
cervical facet orientation
backward, up (45 degree), medial (BUM)
thoracic facet orientation
backward, up (60degrees), lateral (BUL)
lumbar facet orientation
backward and medial, 90 degree direction (BM)
normal cervical vertebrae movement
sidebending of C2-C6 and C6/C7 accompanied by simultaneous rotation to same side
what holds the dens to the atlas and why is this significant
alar ligament, RA and down syndrome compromise this ligament and create a lot of instability
dominant movement at C2/C3, C3/C4?
rotation
dominant motion from C4 down??
sidebending
order of R/S in extension?
rotation precedes sidebending
significance of occipitoatlantal joint
50% of cervical flexion/extension occurs here
significance of atlantoaxial joint
50% of cervical rotation occurs here
thoracic superior facet direction
slightly convex, face posterior, superiorly and laterally (BUL)
thoracic inferior facet direction
faces anterior and medial
ranges of motion in thoracic spine in greatest to least
rotation, sidebending, flexion, extension
what is the major factor in thoracic stability?
costal cage, ribs alone restrict motion of thoracic spine
ranges of motion in lumbar spine in greatest to least
extension, flexion, rotation/sidebending
inferior articular facet of lumbar vertebra direction
anteriolateral
what is lumbarization
when S1 does not fuse to S2, and S2 is basically the sacral base
what is sacralization
when L5 is basically fused with sacrum functionally becoming sacral base
