Thoracic

Question 1

HPE OF TB LUNG

Answer 1

Granuloma

Question 2

Types of Pulmonary aspergillosis

Answer 2

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (aspergillus nodules, simple aspergilloma, chronic cavitation pulmonary aspergillosis, chronic fibrosis pulmonary aspergillosis, subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis)
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Question 3

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Answer 3

A group of disorders that happens when compression of nerves or blood vessels by bone or muscle in the lower neck or upper chest.

Question 4

Symptoms of TOS

Answer 4

Pain in neck, shoulder, chest and arm
Tingling
Numbness of fingers
Paresthesis
Weakness
Swelling or heaviness (vein)
Skin color changes
Cold skin
Slow healing sore

Question 5

Types of TOS

Answer 5

Neurogenic TOS (most common)- compression of Brachial plexus, commonly caused by repetitive stress injury, sudden trauma to neck (whiplash)

Vascular TOS:-
I. Venous- compression of subclavain vein, more common among man
II.Arterial- compression of subclavian artery, most commonly caused by acute blood clots

Question 6

Complications of TOS

Answer 6

Axillo-subclavain vein thrombosis
Chronic arm swelling and pain (venous TOS)
Gangrene
Open shores (ischemic ulcers) on fingers from reduced blood flow
Permanent nerve damage
Pulmonary embolism