Cardio

Question 1

Modified Sakakibara classification- rupture of sinus of valsalva aneurysm

Answer 1

Type I- Protrusion and rupture into right ventricle just beneath pulmonary
valve
Type II- Penetration and rupture into or just beneath crista supraventricularis
of right ventricle
Type IIIv- Penetration and rupture into right ventricle adjacent to or at tricuspid
annulus
Type IIIa- Penetration and rupture into right atrium adjacent to or at tricuspid
annulus
Type IV- Protrusion and rupture into right atrium
Type V- Other rare conditions (eg, rupture into left atrium, pulmonary artery,
left ventricle, or other structures)

Question 2

Ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm

Answer 2

Thin walled, saccular or tubular outpouching, usually always in the right sinus or adjacent fall of the noncoronary sinus.
Generally have an intracardiac course, but may protrude into pericardial space and they may rupture into the right (or rarely left) heart chambers to form an aorta-cardiac fistula.
This defect may result from absence of normal elastic tissue and media in this region.
Congenital weak area gradually enlarges under aortic pressure to form an aneurysm, although the age at which this occurs is uncertain.

Question 3

Causes of SoV aneurysm

Answer 3

Congenital
Acquired: endocarditis, syphilis, behcet’s disease, atherosclerosis, cystic medial necrosis, penetrating injury

Question 4

Most common site of SoV aneurysm

Answer 4

Right coronary sinus 70%

Non-coronary sinus 25%
Left coronary sinus 5%

Question 5

RSOV in ECHO

Answer 5

Windsock

Question 6

Hockey stick sign 🏒

Answer 6

Rheumatic mitral stenosis

Question 7

takotsubo cardiomyopathy aka

Answer 7

Broken heart syndrome 💔

Question 8

Yamaguchi syndrome aka

Answer 8

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM or ApHCM)