Thompson Chapter 12

Question 1

Collectivization

Answer 1

An aspect of Stalin’s economic revolution
Happened in agriculture and industry
Transferred all peasant land to new agricultural units called collective forms which all peasants had to join

Question 2

Kulaks

Answer 2

Resisted Stalin’s forced collectivization
Peasants who were wealthy enough to own land

Question 3

Five-Year Plan

Answer 3

FIRST: Goal was to increase industrial output by 120%; they only increased agricultural output by 65%
SECOND: Emphasized heavy industry
Overall unsuccessful

Question 4

Stankhanovism

Answer 4

Soviet government encouraged movement to stimulate record-breaking output
Highlighted individual but didn’t account for differences in individuals’ lives; ie. punishes those who don’t excel even if they actually cannot

Question 5

Soviet Governmental Structure

Answer 5

Communist Party
Supreme Soviet
Council of Ministers
Central Committee
Politburo
Each group elected representatives to the next highest group

Question 6

Communist Party

Answer 6

On behalf of the proletariat
Marxist
Must be highly industrialized and have lots of workers

Question 7

Supreme Soviet

Answer 7

Communist party arranged nomination of candidates and controlled soviets

Question 8

Council of Ministers

Answer 8

Confirmed by Supreme Soviet
Official government

Question 9

Central Committee

Answer 9

Topmost party/group

Question 10

Politburo

Answer 10

Executive committee elected by Central Committee
Ran the country
10-18 people

Question 11

Socialist Realism

Answer 11

Every aspect of Soviet life was conscripted to help drive the engine of industrialization

Question 12

Hitler/Stalin Non-Aggression Pact
Molotov/Ribbentrop Talks

Answer 12

Agreement between countries to renounce warfare
Did not want to fight the other

Question 13

Sergi Kirov

Answer 13

Popular party leader aligned with Lenin
Murdered (possibly by Stalin)

Question 14

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 14

Future Soviet Union leader
First Secretary of Communist Party of Soviet Union
Chairman of Council of Ministers

Question 15

Leonid Brezhnev

Answer 15

Future Soviet Union leader
General Secretary of Communist Party of Soviet Union
Chairman of Presidium of Supreme Soviet

Question 16

Marc Chagall

Answer 16

Artist uncomfortable with bearing this social commitment burden
Moved to West

Question 17

Vsevolod Meyerhold

Answer 17

Innovative theatre producer
Developed bold new themes within Soviet Russia

Question 18

Sergei Prokoviev

Answer 18

Composer

Question 19

Sergei Eisenstein

Answer 19

Creative film producer and director
Pioneered new techniques
Helped garner support for Bolsheviks

Question 20

Dmitri Shostakovich

Answer 20

Composer
Didn’t adhere to socialist realism guidelines

Question 21

Anna Akhmatova

Answer 21

Poet
Didn’t adhere to socialist realism guidelines

Question 22

Boris Pasternak

Answer 22

Artist
Didn’t adhere to socialist realism guidelines

Question 23

What three basic instruments does Stalin use to attempt to ensure full participation in industrialization and modernization?

Answer 23

Transformed culture; created a new Russian nationalism and forced artists/writers to embrace socialist realism
Destroyed peasant autonomy through collectivization

Question 24

What were the incentives provided by the government to get the people to participate?

Answer 24

Incentives were mostly economic
Worker wages were lowered and bonus wages were used for additional incentives and for factory/office workers for high labor achievements

Question 25

What were the major events/turning points in WWII for the Soviet Union in its defeat of Germany?

Answer 25

Stalingrad
D-Day