Thompson Chapter 10 Flashcards
October Manifesto
Tsar Nicholas II was given an ultimatum: give power to a dictator or issue reform. He tried to convince his uncle, Grand Duke Nicholai Nikolaevich, to become the dictator, but he said no, so Tsar Nicholas conceded to advisor Sergei Witte’s advice and issued the October Manifesto.
The Manifesto promised:
Expansion of civil liberties (free speech/press)
A limited/constitutional monarchy
Legislature elected by universal suffrage
Legalization of trade unions and political parties
Creation of the Duma
Bloody Sunday
Father Gapon led people in a peaceful march to talk to Tsar Nicholas II—they were fired upon, destroying the people’s view of the Tsar as a benevolent protector and turning frustration into anger.
Octoberists
A reformist group who grabbed onto the October Manifest and tried to get it fully realized
Soviet
A smaller governing body within groups/parties
Council of Workers’ Deputies
Spokesmen for the working class
Proto-fascist
Supported the government’s repressive policies
Union of Russian People
Proto-fascist group
The Black Hundred
Conservative gang tolerated by police and involved in pogroms against Jews
“New” Duma
Created by Stolypin Reforms after previous ones were dissolved, which gave the government the majority
Minimized peasant representation
Provided political experience and improved noncontroversial issues
Stolypin Reforms
Agricultural reforms that were meant to increase productivity and give peasants a sense of proprietorship
Attempted agricultural reforms
Made agriculture more productive by breaking up village communes and giving every peasant land
War cut the program short
Impresario
A term in Russian ballet for the person who organizes
Triple Entente
Russia, Great Britain, and France (WWI alliance)
Tsar Nicholas II
Tsar from 1894-1917
Nicholai Nikolaevich
The Grand Duke and the uncle of Tsar Nicholas II
He was the proposed dictator when Tsar Nicholas II was given the ultimatum to give power to a dictator or enact reforms, and he said NO (very dramatically)
Sergei Witte
Advisor and reformer - Tsar Nicholas II proposed the October Manifesto under Witte’s guidance
Father George Gapon
The priest who led the Bloody Sunday march
Leon Trotsky
Speaker/writer for Social Democrats, Bolshevik leader
Vladimir Illich Ulianov “Lenin”
Revolutionary, politician, and political theorist
Peter Stolypin
Reformer, resolute prime minister. of government
Tsarina Alexandra
Wife of Tsar Nicholas II
Gregory Rasputin
Crazy, power-hungry “monk” that claimed he could heal the Tsar’s hemophiliac son
Self-proclaimed holy man
What was the Revolution of 1905? What were the results of this revolution in Russia?
Popular uprising against the Tsarist government (Tsar Nicholas II)
Instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to transform Russian government to constitutional monarchy
Compare the 1905 Revolution to the Decemberist Revolt eighty years before.
Decemberist Revolt: unrepresentative of the whole of Russian society
1905 Revolution: included nearly every social group
What was the reaction across Russia to the Stolypin Reforms? Compare the perspective between urban Russia and rural Russia.
Broke up the village communes; every peasant became a landowner
Only provided a small opportunity for many peasants (so the reaction wasn’t exactly overjoyed)
Affected rural Russia more, because that was where farms and most land were located
