Thomas Becket Flashcards
1
Q
- Why was the Church so powerful in the Middle Ages? (5)
A
- People were terrified of going to Hell, so listened to the Church - Powerful individuals, including the king, gave money and land to the church to ensure they didn’t go to hell. (Land = Power in the middle ages) - Monks were some of the few members of society to be able to read and write - Nuns provided treatment to people - The Church sheltered travellers.
2
Q
- What were the Church Courts? (1)
A
Courts where members of the clergy were tried and punished.
3
Q
- Why were the Church Courts a problem for the King? (1)
A
The Church offered more lenient punishments than the Royal Courts
4
Q
- What is another name for the Church Courts? (1)
A
Ecclesiastical Courts
5
Q
- In what year was Becket born, who were his parents and where did he live? (3)
A
- Circa 1118 - Gilbert & Matilda Becket - Cheapside in London.
6
Q
- In what year was Becket appointed Chancellor of England? (1)
A
1155
7
Q
- In what year was Becket appointed Archbishop of Canterbury and who did he replace? (2)
A
- 1162 - Theobald
8
Q
- What were the Constitutions of Clarendon? (1)
A
A document that made Henry II’s rights over the Church clear.
9
Q
- When were the Constitutions of Clarendon signed? (2)
A
30th January 1164
10
Q
- What did the constitutions of Clarendon try to enforce? (3)
A
- The authority of the Pope - The rights that the King ‘enjoyed’ over the Church. - Bishops promising to observe these customs.
11
Q
- When was the Council of Northampton? (2)
A
October 1164
12
Q
- What were the results of the Council of Northampton? (3)
A
- The council found Becket guilty for failing to turn up - As punishment it is decided that he should lose his possessions - Becket decides to go into exile in France and Ranulf de Broc takes over a lot of his ‘land’.
13
Q
- Where does Becket go while in exile? (2)
A
Pontigny, France (in a monastery)
14
Q
- Who carried out the ‘crowning’ of Henry’s eldest son in June 1170 (2)
A
Archbishop of York & Bishop of London
15
Q
- Why was Becket so angry at the crowning of Henry’s eldest son? (2)
A
This was seen as an insult to Becket as it should have been performed by the Archbishop of Canterbury
16
Q
- What was ‘excommunication’? (2)
A
- The action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Church. - (Essentially, cut off from the Church)
17
Q
- What happens on 22nd July 1170? (2)
A
Henry & Becket meet at Freteval in Normandy and treat each other well.
18
Q
- What does Becket do on returning to England on the 1st December 1170? (3)
A
- He punishes all those involved in the young king’s coronation. - He brings with him an authorisation from the Pope for the excommunication of all bishops who had supported Henry.
19
Q
- Where was Henry in December 1170? (2)
A
Rouen, Normandy
20
Q
- When and where was Thomas Becket murdered? (3)
A
29th December 1170 Canterbury Cathedral
21
Q
- Who were the names of the four knights who murdered Thomas Becket? (4)
A
Reginald Fitzurse Hugh de Morville William de Tracy Richard le Breton
22
Q
- What was Henry said to have said, that inspired the knights to go and murder Becket? (1)
A
‘’Who will rid me of this turbulent priest?
23
Q
- What happened on the 21st February 1173? (2)
A
- Becket canonised (made a Saint) by Pope Alexander III. - Canterbury becomes a focus for pilgrimage
24
Q
- How does Henry II show that he is ‘sorry’? (4)
A
- In 1174 Henry walks through the city of Canterbury barefoot and in simple robes (1 for date and 1 for action) - He allowed 80 monks to symbolically whip him while kneeling by Becket’s tomb. (1 for action, 1 for amount of monks)
25
25. What happened to the four knights? (2)
- They were ordered to go on crusade and not much more is known of them.
26
Who was responsible for Becket’s death? (5)
UP FOR DEBATE, BUT: - The Church - Henry II - The four knights - Becket - Ranulf de Broc
27
27. What was Becket said to have said to Henry after being offered the role of Archbishop? (1)
"Our friendship will turn to hate"
