Thomas Becket Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Why was the Church so powerful in the Middle Ages? (5)
A
  • People were terrified of going to Hell, so listened to the Church - Powerful individuals, including the king, gave money and land to the church to ensure they didn’t go to hell. (Land = Power in the middle ages) - Monks were some of the few members of society to be able to read and write - Nuns provided treatment to people - The Church sheltered travellers.
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2
Q
  1. What were the Church Courts? (1)
A

Courts where members of the clergy were tried and punished.

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3
Q
  1. Why were the Church Courts a problem for the King? (1)
A

The Church offered more lenient punishments than the Royal Courts

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4
Q
  1. What is another name for the Church Courts? (1)
A

Ecclesiastical Courts

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5
Q
  1. In what year was Becket born, who were his parents and where did he live? (3)
A
  • Circa 1118 - Gilbert & Matilda Becket - Cheapside in London.
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6
Q
  1. In what year was Becket appointed Chancellor of England? (1)
A

1155

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7
Q
  1. In what year was Becket appointed Archbishop of Canterbury and who did he replace? (2)
A
  • 1162 - Theobald
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8
Q
  1. What were the Constitutions of Clarendon? (1)
A

A document that made Henry II’s rights over the Church clear.

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9
Q
  1. When were the Constitutions of Clarendon signed? (2)
A

30th January 1164

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10
Q
  1. What did the constitutions of Clarendon try to enforce? (3)
A
  • The authority of the Pope - The rights that the King ‘enjoyed’ over the Church. - Bishops promising to observe these customs.
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11
Q
  1. When was the Council of Northampton? (2)
A

October 1164

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12
Q
  1. What were the results of the Council of Northampton? (3)
A
  • The council found Becket guilty for failing to turn up - As punishment it is decided that he should lose his possessions - Becket decides to go into exile in France and Ranulf de Broc takes over a lot of his ‘land’.
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13
Q
  1. Where does Becket go while in exile? (2)
A

Pontigny, France (in a monastery)

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14
Q
  1. Who carried out the ‘crowning’ of Henry’s eldest son in June 1170 (2)
A

Archbishop of York & Bishop of London

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15
Q
  1. Why was Becket so angry at the crowning of Henry’s eldest son? (2)
A

This was seen as an insult to Becket as it should have been performed by the Archbishop of Canterbury

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16
Q
  1. What was ‘excommunication’? (2)
A
  • The action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Church. - (Essentially, cut off from the Church)
17
Q
  1. What happens on 22nd July 1170? (2)
A

Henry & Becket meet at Freteval in Normandy and treat each other well.

18
Q
  1. What does Becket do on returning to England on the 1st December 1170? (3)
A
  • He punishes all those involved in the young king’s coronation. - He brings with him an authorisation from the Pope for the excommunication of all bishops who had supported Henry.
19
Q
  1. Where was Henry in December 1170? (2)
A

Rouen, Normandy

20
Q
  1. When and where was Thomas Becket murdered? (3)
A

29th December 1170 Canterbury Cathedral

21
Q
  1. Who were the names of the four knights who murdered Thomas Becket? (4)
A

Reginald Fitzurse Hugh de Morville William de Tracy Richard le Breton

22
Q
  1. What was Henry said to have said, that inspired the knights to go and murder Becket? (1)
A

‘’Who will rid me of this turbulent priest?

23
Q
  1. What happened on the 21st February 1173? (2)
A
  • Becket canonised (made a Saint) by Pope Alexander III. - Canterbury becomes a focus for pilgrimage
24
Q
  1. How does Henry II show that he is ‘sorry’? (4)
A
  • In 1174 Henry walks through the city of Canterbury barefoot and in simple robes (1 for date and 1 for action) - He allowed 80 monks to symbolically whip him while kneeling by Becket’s tomb. (1 for action, 1 for amount of monks)
25
Q
  1. What happened to the four knights? (2)
A
  • They were ordered to go on crusade and not much more is known of them.
26
Q

Who was responsible for Becket’s death? (5)

A

UP FOR DEBATE, BUT: - The Church - Henry II - The four knights - Becket - Ranulf de Broc

27
Q
  1. What was Becket said to have said to Henry after being offered the role of Archbishop? (1)
A

“Our friendship will turn to hate”