The Reign of King John Flashcards
1
Q
- Who were King John’s parents? (2)
A
Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine
2
Q
- When did John come to the throne? (1)
A
April 1199
3
Q
- What are three facts about Arthur, Duke of Brittany? (3)
A
- The designated heir to the throne by his uncle Richard (1190) before Richard changed his mind in 1199 and chose John
- Had a better claim to Normandy and England than John.
- It’s believed that John may have killed Arthur
4
Q
- Which French king joined Arthur to attack John’s castles in Normandy, and when? (2)
A
Philip II in 1202
5
Q
- Why was Normandy important? (3)
A
- Prestige and reputation of the king.
- Land belonging to important barons.
- ‘Jewel in the crown’ of English possessions
6
Q
- When was a new Pope selected and what was his name? (2)
A
1198, Pope Innocent III
7
Q
- What year did John begin to argue with the new Pope? (1)
A
1205
8
Q
- What argument did John have with the new Pope? (2)
A
- The pope wanted Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury,
- John favoured John, Bishop of Norwich.
9
Q
- What happened as a result of John’s dispute with Innocent III? (2)
A
John was excommunicated (1) between 1209-1213 (2)
10
Q
- What did the Pope’s ‘Interdict’ mean and when was it passed? (3)
A
- No Christian marriages or burials were allowed to take place in England
- Church services were stopped
- Passed in 1208
11
Q
- What were three of John’s strengths? (3)
A
- He travelled the whole country and judged cases for the royal court himself
- Increased the strength of the navy
- Provided feast days for paupers (the poor)
12
Q
- How did John strengthen the monarchy? (4)
A
- He collected a new land tax from the knights and the barons.
- He modernised the government and kept good records.
- He increased his control over Ireland and Wales, and built up his forces in northern England.
- The King of Scotland signed a peace treaty with John.
13
Q
- How did John strengthen the navy? (3)
A
- John built new ships
- Strengthened Portsmouth’s defences
- Established a new port at Liverpool.
14
Q
- Name three reasons the Barons were angry with John. (3)
A
Any three from:
- He punished churchmen because of his quarrel with Pope Innocent II
- He kept demanding scutage tax (paid by knights)
- He took barons family as hostage so that they would not rebel, e.g. sons of Welsh barons in 1211
- John had favourites like Gerrard d’Athee of France and gave them possessions
- Introduced an inheritance tax, demanding £6000 from one baron
- Lost lands in Normandy
15
Q
- What was Magna Carta and when was it signed? (2)
A
- Magna Carta (Great Charter) was a set of rules about how the king should treat the freemen of England, - Signed in 1215.
