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Thirteen Colonies- Unit 1 Review Flashcards

0
Q

A charter is….?

A

A document that gives permission to settle a region

ALSO, The Virginia Company of London received a charter from King James to settle Virginia

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1
Q

What was Roanoke?

A

First English Attempt to settle in America, It was NOT permanent, and the settlers disappeared

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2
Q

What is a Joint Stock Company?

A

JS Companies got people to make an investment and hoped to pay them back & more in return.
•The Virginia Company was a JS Company
•The Virginia Company sent men and supplies to North America, to present day Virginia, to look for gold and silver in 1607

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3
Q

Jamestown was founded in…?

A

1607, also it was the first permanent English Settlement. It was also built on a peninsula.

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4
Q

What were the PROBLEMS with Jamestown?

A

Leadership problems: Nobody enforced the laws or lead the colonists
And the colonists didn’t know how to survive..
They lived in a swampy location, Mosquitos carried diseases.

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5
Q

Who saved Jamestown? How did he?

A

John Smith, took the control of the colony and got it back on track
(Made the gentlemen work)

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6
Q

Who Governed Jamestown?

A

The CHARTER was given to the Virginia Company. They said that the King Of England had all authority in Jamestown, Virginia.

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7
Q

House of Burgesses??

A

burgess= representative

  • first representative government in the New World
  • made laws and decisions for the colonists
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8
Q

What were the New England Colonies??

A

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island

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9
Q

Which group settled in Massachusetts and why?

A

Pilgrims (Plymouth) and Puritans

Massachusetts Bay) settled (religious freedom

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10
Q

What was the Mayflower Compact?

A

An agreement signed in 1620, By the pilgrims in Plymouth, MA
Also a SOCIAL CONTRACT that established a self governing colony based on rule by people (Majority Rule)

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11
Q

Connecticut?

Who was the founder… etc.

A

Thomas Hooker= Founder
Hooker= “The Father of American Democracy” believing in the principle of equality for all mankind. He favored vote for men regardless of religion.

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12
Q

What did Thomas Hooker believe?

A

He believed the government is based on the rights of individual citizens

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13
Q

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut…

A

1st written constitution in America (written by hooker)
It described the organization of representative government in detail
-Allowed more men to vote (non church members
-Made the CT Government more democratic

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14
Q

Rhode Island?

Who found it, etc..

A

Roger Williams= founder

-he dissented from the puritans in Massachusetts. He supported the separation of church and state

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15
Q

What is religious toleration?

A

To practice your religion freely

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16
Q

What did Anne Hutchinson do??

A
  • questioned the religious authority of the colony’s ministers
  • claimed God spoke directly to her
  • was exiled from Massachusetts (booted out) and went to Rhode Island
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17
Q

What were the Geographic Characteristics? (Of New England)

A
  • rocky soil

- cold climate (long winters)

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18
Q

What was the New England industry?

A

Fishing, shipbuilding (lumber), fur trading, small businesses (mills)

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19
Q

Geographic farming caused…

A

The colonists to only grow enough for their family with little left over to sell (subsistence farming)

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20
Q

England was the…

A

SEED!! THEY WERE THE START… THE MAIN CHARACTERS (Growth of Trade)

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21
Q

What was one of England’s main reasons for founding their American Colonies?

A

TRADEE

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22
Q

England wanted to be self sufficient, so the Parliament passed the _______________ ____ in ____
(Fill in the blanks)

A

Navigation Acts in 1651

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23
Q

The Navigation Acts…

A
  1. ) Placed Duties (taxes) on many goods

2. ) Said most goods could only be sold to England

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24
Q

England claimed… That the Navigation Acts were…

A

Good for the colonies

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25
Q

Many colonists _________. They felt they should be able to sell goods to whomever they wanted.

A

Disagreed.

Basically, the colonists disagreed to the Navigations Act.

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26
Q

The demand for goods in the colonies was small compared to foreign countries. So this led to…

A

An unfavorable balance of trade within the colonies.

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27
Q

Despite colonial complaints, trade restrictions continued into the ____.

A

1700’s.

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28
Q

In 1733, England passed the __________ ___.

A

Molasses Act, which placed duties (taxes) on sugar, molasses, and rum.

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29
Q

Colonists began to bring these goods into their colony illegally… And that was called…

A

Smuggling

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30
Q

The trade route between the American colonies, Great Britain, and the West Indies was a triangle and became known as the Triangle Trade. So,

A

Slaves to the colonies, Sugar to New England, Then Rum to England and Africa. Then it repeats.

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31
Q

The trade route was between…

A

The American colonies, Great Britain and West Indies.

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32
Q

The Middle Passage..

A

Was a leg of the Triangular trade that had a big effect on human life.

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33
Q

New England traded ____ for slaves, and brought them back to sell in the American Colonies.

A

Rum

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34
Q

The Slave Trade brought about __ million Africans across the Atlantic Ocean.

A

10 million

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35
Q

The Middle Passage= Deadly..

A

(That’s basically all you need to know from this card)

36
Q

The Middle Passage journey lasted until ___ months, with Africans chained by their necks and legs.

A

3 months

37
Q

The slaves lived in the space between the…

A

Upper and lower decks of the ship, crammed in a very small space in order to get many slaves on board as possible.

38
Q

The Quakers were the first group to protest against…..

A

SLAVERY!!

39
Q

The slave trade continued in all the colonies, particularly the ______ colonies.

A

Southern Colonies

40
Q

Slave labor was important in the southern colonies because ______ and ____ production required many workers.

A

Tobacco and Rice production

41
Q

The slave trade also brought profits to…

A

Shipbuilders in New England who benefitted from building the new slave ships.

42
Q

What were the middle colonies?

Hint: Four of them

A

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

43
Q

New York was founded for…

A

ECONOMIC REASONS

44
Q

New York was 1st settled by the _____ also called…

A

By the Dutch, also called New Netherlands

45
Q

New York had excellent…

A

Harbor, fur trading, cash crops (wheat) and a good center for trade

46
Q

England took over New York without firing a shot…

A

(Make sure you know that)

47
Q

The ___ of ____ allowed people to elect a legislature (government)

A

The Duke Of York

Make sure you know this too

48
Q

New York had a ____ population..

A

Diverse population

49
Q

New Jersey was founded for ______ reasons.

A

Economic Reasons

50
Q

To attract settlers, they offered large tracts of ____, and…

A

Land, also promised freedom of religion, trial by jury, and a Representative assembly

51
Q

New Jersey produced large amounts of…

A

Wheat

52
Q

Pennsylvania was founded for…

A

Religious reasons

53
Q

Pennsylvania was founded by..

A

William Penn for the Quakers

54
Q

Penn also granted colonists the right to __________ representatives to the legislative assembly & gave PA a…

A

Elect Representatives, and a written constitution which limited the power of the government

55
Q

Industry for the middle colonies was..

A

Lumbering, mining, small scale manufacturing

•Cash Crops- Wheat & Grains (bread basket)

56
Q

The Geographic Characters included.. (For middle colonies)

A

•Better farmland and warmer climate than New England (mild climate)

57
Q

Delaware used to…

A

Used to be the southern part of Pennsylvania.

58
Q

Quakers believed that,

A

Everyone deserves equal rights (including women and African Americans)

59
Q

Penn wrote..

A

Frames of Government which implemented democratic principles

60
Q

Act equaled….?

A

LAW

61
Q

European countries began to trade with East Asia (China and Japan) for luxury goods such as…

A

Spices, silk, and jewels.

62
Q

The causes for exploration were…

A

They were trying to gain a safer sea trade route to East Asia.

63
Q

God-
Gold-
Glory-
Means……

A

God- (religious) explorers went to spread Christianity to native Americans
Gold- (economic) explorers went to America to try to get rich
Glory- (political) to spread Catholicism

64
Q

Mercantilism means…

A

A nation’s power based on it’s wealth

-Which nation could get the most gold & riches

65
Q

England looked for..

A
  • Gold

* Trade, Lumber, and other profitable RAW materials

66
Q

France looked for…

A
  • Trade Routes

- Trade posts (fur trade)

67
Q

Spain looked for…

A
  • Water routes

- Looking for golds and riches

68
Q

What are the Southern Colonies?

A 
Maryland 
Virginia 
North Carolina 
South Carolina 
Georgia
69
Q

Maryland was founded for..

A

Economic and religious reasons.

  • Place for Catholics
  • Planted tobacco, corn, wheat
  • As plantations increased, so did need for slaves
70
Q

Act of Toleration?

Who presented it, what did it do, etc.

A
  • Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert) presented it to protect Catholics
  • It made restricting the religious rights of Christians a crime
  • One of the first laws supported religious tolerance in the English Colonies
71
Q

Virginia was founded for…

A

-Economic Reasons
- First English Colony- 1607
(Jamestown, Virginia)

72
Q

What was Virginia’s cash crop?

A

Tobacco…!

73
Q

Indentured Servants….

A

More of them than slaves, HOWEVER, the demand for workers was greater than the supply of people willing to work as indentured servants under the harsh conditions

74
Q

In 1600’s colonists grew _____ with the conditions in Virginia

A

Very Angry

75
Q

The poor colonists believed members of Virginia assembly were _____ their concerns

A

Ignoring

76
Q

Many colonists began ______ on land that belonged to Native Americans

A

Farming

77
Q

In 1676 a group of a former indentured servants led by Nathaniel Bacon attacked some peaceful Native Americans

A

(Make sure you know this)

78
Q

When the governor tried to stop bacon, they…

A

Attacked and burned Jamestown

79
Q

Bacon controlled much of the colony until he died from fever. The rebellion ended and 23 of the rebels were..

A

Sadly.. Hanged..

80
Q

After the rebellion it was hard to make ______ with the Native Americans

A

Peace.. Hard to make peace.

81
Q

North Carolina was found for..

A

Economic reasons

  • They grew tobacco & sold tar & timber
  • The Carolina’s used to be one colony
  • Founded by a group of proprietors
82
Q

South Carolina was also founded for..

A

Economic reasons.

  • fertile farmland and a good harbor
  • rice was the leading cash crop
  • indigo- cash crop
  • by 1708 more than half of the people living there were SLAVES
83
Q

Georgia was founded for… (IMPORTANT.. MUST KNOW)

A

Social reasons!!

  • James Oglethorpe created it for debaters and former prisoners to start over
  • Georgia could protect the other colonies from Spanish attack
  • Last ENGLISH colony
84
Q

Geographical characteristics for The Southern Colonies?

A
  • fertile soil and warm climate

- large farms (plantations)

85
Q

Economy for Southern Colonies..?

A

-Agriculture (farming)-cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo

86
Q

Plantations for the Southern Colonies?

A

Large farms that used slave labor (usually used 20 or more slaves)
-usually located near a river for shipping

87
Q

Nathaniel Bacon?

A

(All you need to know is)

  • Attacked some peaceful native Americans
  • Took over entire colony of Virginia

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