Third Set of Vocabulary Terms Flashcards
Affirmative Action
The requirement that employers make special efforts to recruit, hire, and promote qualified members of previously excluded groups including women and minorities
Apartheid
The recent policy of racial separation in South Africa enforced by legal political and military power.
Autocracy
Rule or government concentrated in a single ruler or group of leaders who are willing to use force to maintain control
Civil Law
The branch of law that deals largely with wrongs against the individual.
Comparable Worth
A policy of equal pay for men and women doing similar work, even if the jobs are labeled differently by sex.
Complementary Marriages
Marriages in which husband and wife take distinctly separate family roles.
Contact Hypothesis
The theory that people of different racial groups who became acquainted would be less prejudiced toward one another.
Convergence Theory
A theory suggesting that modernizing nations come to resemble one another over time.
Cooptation
A social process by which people who might otherwise threaten the stability or existence of an organization are brought into the leadership or policy-making structure of that organization
Democracy
A form of political organization in which power resides with the people and is exercised by them.
Democratic-collective Organization
An organization in which authority is placed in the group as a whole, rules are minimized, members have considerable control over their work,and job differentiation is minimized.
Double Standard
A set of social norms that allows males greater freedom of sexual expression, particularly before marriage, than females.
Dual Economy
The conceptual division of the private sector of the economy into monopoly (core) and competitive (periphery) sectors.
Dual-career Families
Families in which both husband and wife have careers.
Dual-career Responsibilities
The responsibilities of women who are wives as well as workers; often used to explain why women earn less.
Economic Core
The sector of the economy characterized by large, generally very profitable, oligopolistic firms that are national or multinational in scope; also called the monopoly sector
Economic Growth
An increase in the amount of goods and services produced with the same amount of labor and resources.
Economic Institution
The pattern of roles, norms, and activities organized around the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services in a society.
Economic Periphery
The sector of the economy characterized by small, local, barely profitable firms; also called the competitive sector
Epidemiology
The study of disease patterns across and within populations.
Ethnic Group
A group that shares a common cultural tradition and sense of identity.
Gender Differences
Variations in the social positions, roles, behaviors, attitudes, and personalities of men and women in a society
Gender Gap
Differences in the way men and women vote.
Gender Stratification
The hierarchical ranking of men and women and their roles in terms of unequal ownership, power, social control, prestige, and social reward
Gender
The traits and behaviors that are socially designated as “masculine” or “feminine” in a particular society.
Genocide
The destruction of an entire population.
Global Economy
An economy in which the economic life and health of one nation depends on what happens in other nations.
