Third Quiz Terms Flashcards
“Degererate Art”
Is a translation of the German term Entartete Kunst used by Hitler for art that didn’t fit his definition of good German art, which included most modern art. By 1937 some 16,000 artworks had been removed from museums and galleries in Germany.
Abstract Expressionism
An American post–World War II art movement (1950). A New York school of painting.
Action painting
Sometimes called “gestural abstraction”, is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied.[1] The resulting work often emphasizes the physical act of painting itself as an essential aspect of the finished work or concern of its artist.
An exhibition mocking modern art (1937)
Called Entartete Kunst, with 650 confiscated works by about 112 artists, opened in Munich on 19 July 1937, and then toured Germany, Austria, and Poland. More than three million people saw the exhibition.
Analytic Cubism
Picasso and Braque invented specific shapes and characteristic details that would represent the whole object or person. Analytic Cuism fragmented objects into abstract geometric forms.
*Art Nouveau
a French school of arts. An international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that were most popular during 1890–1910. Orenamental style compose of curvilinear, organic forms that was a European wide response to industrialization and the prevalance of the machine.
Assemblage
A artistic process. In the visual arts, it consists of making three-dimensional or two-dimensional artistic compositions by putting together *found objects. *During Surrealist movement, it suggest alternate reality.
At that time the German term for Bauhaus was?
“house of construction”
Automatism
Where the artist attemps to disengage conscious control in the creative act. During Surrealist movement.
Betrayal of Images, The
1928–29, sometimes translated as The Treason of Images is a painting by the Belgian René Magritte.
Bird in Space
Is a series of sculptures by Constantin Brâncuși, a Romanian sculptor. The original work was created in 1923.
Bird in Space court battle
In 1926-27, Bird in Space was the cause of a court battle due to the piece being taxed by U.S. Customs.
Blaue Reiter, Der
Der Blaue Reiter was formed in 1911 in Munich as a loose association of painters led by Vasily Kandinsky and Franz Marc. They shared an interest in abstracted forms and prismatic colors, which, they felt, had spiritual values that could counteract the corruption and materialism of their age.
Brucke, Die
German expressionist art movement, lasting from 1905 to 1913. Artist (Kirchner & Nolde) intention to creat a bridge between their own art and modern revloutionary ideas, and between what was traditional and what was new in art.
Cantilever Construction
Cantilever construction is when a horizontal architectural element, projected into space, has vertical support and coutner balancing weight inside the building. Wright pioneered the use of reinforced concrete and steel girders for cantileverconstruction in large buildings.
Collage
A work of art formed by pasting fragments of printed matter, cloth, and other materials (occasionally three-dimensional) to a flat surface.
Color Field Painting
A style of abstract painting that emerged in New York City during the 1940s and 1950s. It was inspired by European modernism (Matisse) and closely related to Abstract Expressionism. Color Field is characterized primarily by large fields of flat, solid color spread across or stained into the canvas creating areas of unbroken surface and a flat picture plane. Typically calm and inwardly direction and is capable of evoking a meditative, even spiritual, response.
Cubi XXVII
Stainless steel sculptures built from cubes, rectangular solids and cylinders with spheroidal or flat endcaps by David Smith, 1963, example of Modernism.
Cubism
- First branch* of cubism, known as Analytic Cubism, subject seen from differnt angles simultaneously was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1907 and 1911 in France. A second phase, Synthetic Cubism, where flat shapes of color resemble object,remained vital until around 1918, when the Surrealist movement gained popularity.
Dada
“anit-art” 1915-1923, Dada (movement) was born out of negative reaction to the horrors of World War I. This international movement was begun by a group of artists and poets associated with the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich. Dada rejected reason and logic, prizing nonsense, irrationality and intuition.
Dali, Salvador
1904–1989. known as Salvador Dalí was a prominent Spanish surrealist painter born in Figueres, Spain.
De Stijl
Dutch for “The Style”, also known as neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917-1931. Sought to express a new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order. They advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour, fostered “equilibrium of opposites”.
Drip technique
Is a form of abstract art in which paint is dripped or poured onto the canvas. This style of action painting.
Fauvism
First Paris at the Salon d’Automne. Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French for “the wild beasts”), a short-lived and loose group(Matisse) of early twentieth-century (1905-198) Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities **vivid color, and vigorous patterns and unusual color combinations. **
Futurism
Boccioni. Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the (1909-1929) early 20th century. It emphasized and glorified themes associated with contemporary concepts of the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane and the industrial city.
Guernica
Synthetic-Cubism. Is a painting by Pablo Picasso. It was created in response to the atrocity bombing of Guernica, a Basque Country village in northern Spain by German and Italian warplanes at the behest of the Spanish Nationalist forces, on 26 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War.
Harlem Renaissance
Was a cultural movement by African-Americans in the Harlem area 1924-1930s. At the time, it was known as the “New Negro Movement”
Lawrence(Simplified forams and flat colors) , Van Der Zee (Photographs), Douglas (Synthetic Cubism).
Kahlo, Frida
1907-1954 was a Mexican painter, born in Coyoacán, who is best known for her self-portraits. Surrealist.
Kandinsky, Vassily
Expressionism. Wassily? 1866 – 13 December 1944) was an influential Russian painter and art theorist. He is credited with painting the first purely abstract works. Member of the Bauhaus 1922-1933. Left the New artist Association to form the Blue Rider 1911-1914.
L.H.O.O.Q.
Dada. Is a work of art by Marcel Duchamp first conceived in 1919. The work is one of what Duchamp referred to as readymades, or more specifically an assisted ready-made.
*La Goulue at the Moulin Rouge
Post-Impressionist. Is a poster by French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. It is a color lithograph from 1891 advertising the famous dancers La Goulue and “No-Bones” Valentin, and the new Paris dance hall Moulin Rouge.
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
Is a large oil painting created in 1907 by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881–1973). The work portrays five nude female prostitutes from a brothel on Carrer d’Avinyó (Avinyó Street) in Barcelona. The work is widely considered to be seminal in the early development of both cubism and modern art.
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon translateted:
The Young Ladies of Avignon, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon. Picasso, 1907, oil on canvas.
Matisse, Henri
1869-1954 (Fauvism05-08) was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Picasso and Marcel Duchamp, as one of the three artists who helped to define the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century,
mobile
Is a type of kinetic sculpture constructed to take advantage of the principle of equilibrium. Hanging sculpters that could be set in motion by air. Surrealism 1920-1930s.
O’Keeffe, Georgia
1887–1986 was an American artist. American modernists 20century abstractionist. Painted “Black and White” 1930s.
Picasso, Pablo
1881–1973, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer who spent most of his adult life in France. He is widely known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, and the co-invention of collage.
Pointillism/Divisionism
A Post-impressionist technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of pure color are applied in patterns to form an image. Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886.
Neo-impressionism and Divisionism are also terms used to describe this technique of painting 1891-1910.
Divisionism defined by the separation of colors into individual dots
Pollock, Jackson
1912–1956, known as Jackson Pollock, Surrealist abstraction was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. He was well known for his uniquely defined style of drip painting.
*Post-Impressionism
The term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Manet. 1880-1890s. they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour. Reflect artist emotion and world views.
Prairie Style
Early 20th century architecture. Wright luanched Prairie style 1908, which sought to intergrate architecture with the natural landscape. Most common to the Midwestern United States.
Rayograph
An image produced without a camera by placing an object on photosensitive paper and exposing it to light. (used by Surrealist Man Ray 1921?)
Ready-Made
(Dada period) Marcel Duchamp perfected the concept when he made a series of ready-mades. completely unaltered everyday objects (Found object) selected by Duchamp and designated as art just by adding title.
Ready-Made-Aided
(Dada period) Marcel Duchamp began to view the manufactured objects of his collection as objects of art, which he called “readymades” and adding some wrok artisticly becomes “ready-made-aided”. “Since the tubes of paint used by an artist are manufactured and ready-made products, we conclude that all paintings in the world are ready-made-aided.”
Regionalism
An American realist modern art movement affected by economic and political events that was popular during the 1930s.
Rothko, Mark
(Mid century abstaction) 1903–1970 was a Russian-American Jewish painter. He is classified as an abstract expressionist, although he himself rejected this label, and even resisted classification as an “abstract painter”. Surrealist eary in his career.
*Scream, the
Is the popular name given to each of four versions of a composition, created as both paintings and pastels, by the Expressionist artist Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910.
During the Symbolist movement.
skeletal (or steel frame) construction
A building technique with a “skeleton frame” of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame. The development of this technique made the construction of the skyscraper possible.
Social Realism
Also known as Socio-Realism, is an artistic movement, expressed in the visual and other realist arts, which depicts social and racial injustice, and economic hardship through unvarnished pictures of life’s struggles; often depicting working-class activities as heroic. 1930s?
*Starry Night
Is a painting by the Dutch post-impressionist artist Vincent van Gogh. 1889 Oil on canvas.
Suprematism
Was an art movement, focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors. It was founded by Kazimir Malevich in Russia, in 1915-1923. The term suprematism refers to an art based upon “the supremacy of pure artistic feeling” rather than on visual depiction of objects.
Surrealism
Is a cultural movement in the 1924-1945, Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and about uncounsious mind and repesentation of dream state. similar to Dada in irrationality but more positive. (Automatism, Veristic, Assemblage)
Synthetic Cubism
Synthetic Cubism arranges flat shapes of color to form objects.
Bauhaus, the
Was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. It’s aim was to improve the aesthetic quality of manufactured good and industrial architecture, to produce them more cheaply and more available.
*van Gogh, Vincent
1853–1890 was a Dutch post-Impressionist painter whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty and bold color.
Veristic
In which the style is very realistic and detailed although the subject matter appears irrational. During Surrealist movement.
*Vienna Secession
Austria and Germany, founded in Munich 1892. Was formed in 1890s by a group of **Austrian artists(Vienna Secession-Klimt, Berlin Secession-Munch1899) **who had resigned from the Association of Austrian Artists, housed in the Vienna Künstlerhaus. This movement included painters, sculptors, and architects. All forms of art acessable; raise the status of arts and crafts to “fine art”.
