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Art History (Palomar) > Ch24: Turn of the Century; Early Picasso, Fauvism, Expressionism, and Matisse. > Flashcards

Ch24: Turn of the Century; Early Picasso, Fauvism, Expressionism, and Matisse. Flashcards

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1
Q

“Degererate Art”

A

Is a translation of the German term Entartete Kunst used by Hitler for art that didn’t fit his definition of good German art, which included most modern art. By 1937 some 16,000 artworks had been removed from museums and galleries in Germany.

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2
Q
A

Duchamp- Fountain, 1917, Ready-Made.

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3
Q
A

*Duchamp- Replica of L.H.O.O.Q. Paris 1919, From “Boite-en-Valise”

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4
Q
A

*Le Corbusier- Notre-Dame-du-Haut. Ronchamp, France, 1950-1954.

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5
Q
A

*Picasso- Study with seven figure fo Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, March-April 1907.

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6
Q
A

*Rietveld- Schroeder House. Utrecht, Netherlands, 1923-1924.

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7
Q
A

*Wright- Falling Water. Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1936.

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8
Q
A

*Wright- Robie House. Chicago 1909.

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9
Q

Abstract Expressionism

A

An American post–World War II art movement (1940-60). A New York school of painting.

Phase I: Action painting, Phase II: Color feild painting.

Abstract=Not Realistic

Expressionism=Expression of inner feeling

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10
Q

Action painting

A

Sometimes called “gestural abstraction”, is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied.[1] The resulting work often emphasizes the physical act of painting itself as an essential aspect of the finished work or concern of its artist. Pollock was one of the first.

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11
Q

American Scene Painting

A

1920-1930s. Rejecting European modernism and abstraction, American Scene painters wanted to create a largely realistic style in the depiction of subjects and scenes related to Amrican life. (Regionalists, Social Realist)

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12
Q

An exhibition mocking modern art (1937)

A

Called Entartete Kunst, with 650 confiscated works by about 112 artists, opened in Munich on 19 July 1937, and then toured Germany, Austria, and Poland. More than three million people saw the exhibition.

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13
Q

Analytic Cubism

A

Picasso and Braque. Analytic Cuism fragmented objects into abstract geometric forms.

1) Fragmented Background & Foreground
2) Multiple view point
3) Dull Muddy Colors

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14
Q

*Art Nouveau

A

a French school of arts. An international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that were most popular during 1890–1910. Orenamental style compose of curvilinear, organic forms that was a European wide response to industrialization and the prevalance of the machine.

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15
Q

Assemblage

A

A artistic process. In the visual arts, it consists of making three-dimensional or two-dimensional artistic compositions by putting together *found objects. *During Surrealist movement, it suggest alternate reality.

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16
Q

At that time the German term for Bauhaus was?

A

“house of construction”

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17
Q

At the beginning of the 20th century, __________ breakthroughs not only questioned our way of seeing the world, but the nature of reality itself.

A

Scientific

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18
Q

Automatism

A

Where the artist attemps to disengage conscious control in the creative act. During Surrealist movement.

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19
Q

Best known among the Fauve artists was __________.

A

Matisse

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20
Q

Betrayal of Images, The

A

1928–29, sometimes translated as The Treason of Images is a painting by the Belgian René Magritte.

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21
Q

Bird in Space

A

Is a series of sculptures by Constantin Brâncuși, a Romanian sculptor. The original work was created in 1923.

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22
Q

Bird in Space court battle

A

In 1926-27, Bird in Space was the cause of a court battle due to the piece being taxed by U.S. Customs.

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23
Q

Blaue Reiter, Der

A

Der Blaue Reiter was formed in 1911-1914 in Munich as a loose association of painters led by Vasily Kandinsky and Franz Marc. They shared an interest in abstracted forms and prismatic colors, which, they felt, had spiritual values that could counteract the corruption and materialism of their age.

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24
Q
A

Boccioni- States of Mind: The Farewells, 1911.

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25
Q
A

Boccioni- Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913,

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26
Q
A

Brancusi- Bird in Space 1924. 127.25cm high

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27
Q
A

Brancusi- Bird in Space 1928. Unique cast 54x8.5x6.5”

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28
Q
A

Brancusi- Golden Bird. 1919-1920

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29
Q
A

Brancusi- Maiastra. 1912

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30
Q
A

Brancusi- Sleep. 1908

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31
Q
A

Brancusi- Sleeping Muse I. 1909-1910

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32
Q
A

Brancusi- The Newborn. 1915

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33
Q
A

Braque- House at L’Estaque, 1908.

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34
Q
A

Braque- Violin and Pitcher, 1909-1910.

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35
Q

Brucke, Die

A

German expressionist art movement, lasting from 1905 to 1913. Artist (Kirchner & Nolde) intention to creat a bridge between their own art and modern revloutionary ideas, and between what was traditional and what was new in art.

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36
Q

Cantilever Construction

A

Cantilever construction is when a horizontal architectural element, projected into space, has vertical support and coutner balancing weight inside the building. Wright pioneered the use of reinforced concrete and steel girders for cantileverconstruction in large buildings.

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37
Q

Collage

A

A work of art formed by pasting fragments of printed matter, cloth, and other materials (occasionally three-dimensional) to a flat surface.

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38
Q

Color Field Painting

A

2nd phase of Abstract Expressionism 1950-1960s. Color Field is characterized primarily by large fields of flat, solid color spread across or stained into the canvas creating areas of unbroken surface and a flat picture plane. Typically calm and inwardly direction and is capable of evoking a meditative, even spiritual, response. Rothko.

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39
Q

Cubi XXVII

A

Stainless steel sculptures built from cubes, rectangular solids and cylinders with spheroidal or flat endcaps by David Smith, 1963, example of Modernism.

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40
Q

Cubism

A
  • First branch* of cubism, known as Analytic Cubism, subject seen from differnt angles simultaneously was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1907 and 1911 in France. A second phase, Synthetic Cubism, where flat shapes of color resemble object,remained vital until around 1918, when the Surrealist movement gained popularity.
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41
Q

Dada

A

“anit-art” 1915-1923, Dada (movement) was born out of negative reaction to the horrors of World War I. This international movement was begun by a group of artists and poets associated with the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich. Dada rejected reason and logic, prizing nonsense, irrationality and intuition.

Forms include Ready-Made(Appropriation)

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42
Q

Dali, Salvador

A

1904–1989. known as Salvador Dalí was a prominent Spanish surrealist painter born in Figueres, Spain.

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43
Q

De Stijl

A

Dutch for “The Style”, also known as neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic (Mondian) movement founded in 1917-1931. Sought to express a new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order. They advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour, fostered “equilibrium of opposites”.

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44
Q

Drip technique

A

Is a form of abstract art in which paint is dripped or poured onto the canvas. This style of action painting.

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45
Q

Duchamp: “Boite-en-Valise”

A

Duchamp’s Boîte-en-valise, or box in a suitcase, is a portable miniature monograph including sixty-nine reproductions of the artist’s own work. Between 1935 and 1940.

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46
Q

Expressionism Def

A

When an artist expresses an inner feeling.

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47
Q

Fauvism

A

First Paris at the Salon d’Automne. Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French for “the wild beasts”), a short-lived and loose group(Matisse) of early twentieth-century (1905-198) Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities **vivid color, and vigorous patterns and unusual color combinations. **

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48
Q

Futurism

A

Boccioni. Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the (1909-1929) early 20th century. It emphasized and glorified themes associated with contemporary concepts of the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane and the industrial city.

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49
Q

Guernica

A

Synthetic-Cubism. Is a painting by Pablo Picasso. It was created in response to the atrocity bombing of Guernica, a Basque Country village in northern Spain by German and Italian warplanes at the behest of the Spanish Nationalist forces, on 26 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War.

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50
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

Was a cultural movement by African-Americans in the Harlem area 1924-1930s. At the time, it was known as the “New Negro Movement”

Lawrence(Simplified forams and flat colors) , Van Der Zee (Photographs), Douglas (Synthetic Cubism).

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51
Q

In Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, multiple viewpoints and the flattening of space were to be characteristic of __________ painting.

A

Cubist

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52
Q

In the early 1920s, __________ became one of the first Western artists to paint in a pure, abstract manner.

A

Mondrian

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53
Q

In the early years of this century, one city was viewed as the center of modernism; and one artist in this city is still for us the modern artist. Who is the artist and what is the city?

A

Pablo Picasso/Paris.

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54
Q

International Style

A

The International style is a major architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s after WWI.

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55
Q

Kahlo, Frida

A

1907-1954 was a Mexican painter, born in Coyoacán, who is best known for her self-portraits. Surrealist.

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56
Q
A

Kahlo- The Broken Column. 1944.

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57
Q
A

Kahlo- Thinking about Death. 1943.

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58
Q

Kandinsky, Vassily

A

Expressionism. Wassily? 1866 – 13 December 1944) was an influential Russian painter and art theorist. He is credited with painting the first purely abstract works. Member of the Bauhaus 1922-1933. Left the New artist Association to form the Blue Rider 1911-1914.

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59
Q
A

Kandinsky- Blue Rider, 1903,

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60
Q
A

Kandinsky- Improvisation no. 30 (Warlike Theme), 1913.

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61
Q
A

Kandinsky- Open Green

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62
Q
A

Kandinsky- Panel for Edwin R. Campbell no. 4 Formally painting no. 201 WINTER. 1914.

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63
Q
A

Kandinsky- Several Circles, No 323. 1926.

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64
Q
A

Kollwitz- Death and a Woman Struggling for a Child,1910, Etching.

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65
Q
A

Kollwitz- Pieta III, 1903, Lithograph.

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66
Q
A

Kollwitz- Rest in Peace of his hands, Relief for the artist’s tomb, 1936, Bronze.

67
Q
A

Kollwitz- Whetting the Scythe, 1905, Soft-ground eighth-state etching.

68
Q
A

Kollwitz- Woman with Dead Child, 1903, Etching.

69
Q

L.H.O.O.Q.

A

Dada. Is a work of art by Marcel Duchamp first conceived in 1919. The work is one of what Duchamp referred to as readymades, or more specifically an assisted ready-made.

70
Q

*La Goulue at the Moulin Rouge

A

Post-Impressionist. Is a poster by French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. It is a color lithograph from 1891 advertising the famous dancers La Goulue and “No-Bones” Valentin, and the new Paris dance hall Moulin Rouge.

71
Q

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

A

Is a large oil painting created in 1907 by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881–1973). The work portrays five nude female prostitutes from a brothel on Carrer d’Avinyó (Avinyó Street) in Barcelona. The work is widely considered to be seminal in the early development of both cubism and modern art.

72
Q

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon translateted:

A

The Young Ladies of Avignon, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon. Picasso, 1907, oil on canvas.

73
Q
A

Magritte- Betrayal of Images. 1928, “This is not a pipe”

74
Q
A

Marc- Animal Destinies (Fate of Animals). 1913.

75
Q
A

Marc- Large Blue Horses, 1911.

76
Q
A

African Mask, Mask from the Etoumbi region.

77
Q

Matisse, Henri

A

1869-1954 (Fauvism05-08) was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Picasso and Marcel Duchamp, as one of the three artists who helped to define the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century,

78
Q
A

Matisse- Blue Nude I, 1952, paper cut out.

79
Q
A

Matisse- Church of Dominican Nuns, at Vence, France, late 1940’s.

80
Q
A

Matisse- The Negress. 1952, paper cut out.

81
Q
A

Matisse- Venus, 1952, paper cut out.

82
Q
A

Matisse-Madame Matisse (The Green Line). Oil on Canvas. 1905

83
Q
A

Matisse- The Joy of Life, 1905-1906, Oil on canvas.

84
Q
A

Mbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire

85
Q

mobile

A

Is a type of kinetic sculpture constructed to take advantage of the principle of equilibrium. Hanging sculpters that could be set in motion by air. Surrealism 1920-1930s.

86
Q
A

*Mondrian- Broadway Boogie Woogie. 1942-1943.

87
Q
A

Mondrian- Composition in Color A, 1917.

88
Q
A

Mondrian- Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow. 1930

89
Q
A

Mondrian- Composition with Yellow Red and Blue 1927

90
Q
A

Mondrian- Evening the Red Tree, 1908.

91
Q
A

Mondrian- Flowering Apple Tree, 1912.

92
Q
A

Mondrian- Horizontal Tree, 1911-1912.

93
Q

O’Keeffe, Georgia

A

1887–1986 was an American artist. American modernists 20century abstractionist. Painted “Black and White” 1930s.

94
Q

Pablo Picasso’s __________ is repeatedly claimed to be the first modern painting of the 20th century.

A

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

95
Q

Picasso, Pablo

A

1881–1973, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer who spent most of his adult life in France. He is widely known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, and the co-invention of collage.

96
Q
A

Picasso- Girl Before a Mirror, 1932.

97
Q
A

Picasso- Girl with a Mandolin (Fanny Tellier), 1910.

98
Q
A

Picasso- Guernica, 1937.

99
Q
A

Picasso- Le Reve, 1932.

100
Q
A

Picasso- Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, *The Young Ladies of Avignon, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon. June-July 1907

101
Q
A

Picasso- Man with a Hat, 1912.

102
Q
A

Picasso- Nude Green Leaves and Bust, 1932.

103
Q
A

Picasso- Study for Guernica, 1937.

104
Q
A

Picasso- Three Musicians,1921.

105
Q

Pointillism/Divisionism

A

A Post-impressionist technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of pure color are applied in patterns to form an image. Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886.

Neo-impressionism and Divisionism are also terms used to describe this technique of painting 1891-1910.

Divisionism defined by the separation of colors into individual dots

106
Q

Pollock, Jackson

A

1912–1956, known as Jackson Pollock, Surrealist abstraction was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. He was well known for his uniquely defined style of drip painting.

107
Q
A

Pollock- No. 5. 1948

108
Q
A

Pollock- White Light. 1954. “All over composition”

109
Q

Pop Art

A

1950-1960s. Short for Popular Art. A reaction against Abstract Expressionism, which was seen as too elitist and non-objective, as well as a celebration of post war consumer culture. Pop is playful and ironic, not spiritual or psychological.

Lichtenstein, Warhol, Wesselmann

110
Q

*Post-Impressionism

A

The term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Manet. 1880-1890s. they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour. Reflect artist emotion and world views.

111
Q

Prairie Style

A

Early 20th century architecture. Wright luanched Prairie style 1908, which sought to intergrate architecture with the natural landscape. Most common to the Midwestern United States.

112
Q

Rayograph

A

An image produced without a camera by placing an object on photosensitive paper and exposing it to light. (used by Surrealist Man Ray 1921?)

113
Q

Ready-Made

A

Same as Appropriation. (Dada period) Marcel Duchamp perfected the concept when he made a series of ready-mades. completely unaltered everyday objects (Found object) selected by Duchamp and designated as art just by adding title.

114
Q

Ready-Made-Aided

A

(Dada period) Marcel Duchamp began to view the manufactured objects of his collection as objects of art, which he called “readymades” and adding some wrok artisticly becomes “ready-made-aided”. “Since the tubes of paint used by an artist are manufactured and ready-made products, we conclude that all paintings in the world are ready-made-aided.”

115
Q

Regionalism

A

An American realist modern art movement affected by economic and political events that was popular during the 1930s.

116
Q

René Magritte

A

René Magritte: was a Belgian surrealist artist.

117
Q

Rothko, Mark

A

(Mid century abstaction) 1903–1970 was a Russian-American Jewish painter. He is classified as an abstract expressionist, although he himself rejected this label, and even resisted classification as an “abstract painter”. Surrealist eary in his career.

118
Q
A

Rothko- Number 15. 1957.

119
Q
A

Rothko- Orange and Yellow. 1956.

120
Q
A

Rothko- Orange, Red, Yellow. 1961.

121
Q
A

Salvador Dali- Crucifixion (Hypercubic Body), 1954.

122
Q
A

Salvador Dali- The Persistence of Memory. 1931.

123
Q
A

Salvador Dali- The Temptation of Saint Anthony. 1946.

124
Q

Salvador Dalí

A

Salvador Dalí: was a prominent Spanish surrealist painter born in Figueres, Spain.

125
Q

*Scream, the

A

Is the popular name given to each of four versions of a composition, created as both paintings and pastels, by the Expressionist artist Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910.

During the Symbolist movement.

126
Q

skeletal (or steel frame) construction

A

A building technique with a “skeleton frame” of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame. The development of this technique made the construction of the skyscraper possible.

127
Q

Social Realism

A

Also known as Socio-Realism, is an artistic movement, expressed in the visual and other realist arts, which depicts social and racial injustice, and economic hardship through unvarnished pictures of life’s struggles; often depicting working-class activities as heroic. 1930s?

128
Q

*Starry Night

A

Is a painting by the Dutch post-impressionist artist Vincent van Gogh. 1889 Oil on canvas.

129
Q

Suprematism

A

Was an art movement, focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors. It was founded by Kazimir Malevich in Russia, in 1915-1923. The term suprematism refers to an art based upon “the supremacy of pure artistic feeling” rather than on visual depiction of objects.

130
Q

Surrealism

A

Is a cultural movement in the 1924-1945, Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and about uncounsious mind and repesentation of dream state. similar to Dada in irrationality but more positive. (Automatism, Veristic, Assemblage)

131
Q

Synthetic Cubism

A

Synthetic Cubism arranges flat shapes of bright color to form objects.

132
Q

Bauhaus, the

A

Was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. It’s aim was to improve the aesthetic quality of manufactured good and industrial architecture, to produce them more cheaply and more available.

133
Q

Through his naturalistic style, __________ gives a sense of reality to images that are unreal, inspired by nightmares and visions.

A

Dali

134
Q

*van Gogh, Vincent

A

1853–1890 was a Dutch post-Impressionist painter whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty and bold color.

135
Q

Veristic

A

In which the style is very realistic and detailed although the subject matter appears irrational. During Surrealist movement.

136
Q

*Vienna Secession

A

Austria and Germany, founded in Munich 1892. Was formed in 1890s by a group of **Austrian artists(Vienna Secession-Klimt, Berlin Secession-Munch1899) **who had resigned from the Association of Austrian Artists, housed in the Vienna Künstlerhaus. This movement included painters, sculptors, and architects. All forms of art acessable; raise the status of arts and crafts to “fine art”.

137
Q
A

Voluptas Mors. Photo by Halsman and Salvador Dali, 1954.

138
Q

What period did Brancusi worked?

A

No period associated.

139
Q

Appropriation

A

Pop art. Appropriation in the arts is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. In the visual arts, to appropriate means to properly adopt, borrow, recycle or sample aspects (or the entire form) of man-made visual culture. Same as Ready-Made.

140
Q
A

Johns- Flag. 1954-1955.

141
Q
A

Johns- Three Flag, 1958.

142
Q

Silkscreen

A

Printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil.

143
Q
A

Warhol- Elvis I and II, 1964.

144
Q
A

Warhol- Campbell’s Soup I (Tamato), 1968.

145
Q
A

Warhol- 200 Campbell’s Soup Cans, 1962.

146
Q
A

Lichtenstein- Whaam! 1963.

147
Q
A

Lichtenstein- Little Big Picture, 1965.

148
Q

Conceptualsim 1960-1970

A

Conceptual art is based on the concept that art may exist solely as an idea and not in the physical realm. For advocates of this movement, the idea of a work matters more than its physical identity.

149
Q
A

Kosuth- One and Three Chairs, 1965.

150
Q
A

Kosuth- Art as Idea as Idea, 1966.

151
Q

Performance Art

A

1960-Present. Activities that are usually presented before a live audience. A reaction against Minimalism.

152
Q
A

Beuys- Coyote, I like America and America Likes Me 1974.

153
Q

Post-Modernism

A

1970 to Present. A period after “Modernism”, in art and architecture can refer to a rejection of “Modernism” . Influenced by the technological age. In the postmodern understanding, interpretation is everything; reality only comes into being through our interpretations of what the world means to us individually.

154
Q
A

*Gehry- Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain, 1993-1997.

155
Q
A

Christo and Jeanne-Claude- Wrapped Reichstag, Berlin, 1971-1995.

156
Q
A

Christo and Jeanne-Claude- The Gates, Project of Central Park, New York City, 2003.

157
Q
A

Christo and Jeanne-Claude- The Gates, Central Park, New York City, 1979-2003.

158
Q
A

Maya Ying Lin- Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the MAll, Washington D.C. 1981-1983.

159
Q
A

Tansey- Innocent Eye Test, 1981.

160
Q
A

Tansey- Triumph Over Mastery II, 1987.

161
Q
A

Tansey- Action Painting II, 1984.

162
Q

Neo-expressionism

A

1970-1980. Neo-expressionists returned to portraying recognizable objects, such as the human body (although sometimes in an abstract manner), in a rough and violently emotional way using vivid colours and banal colour harmonies.

163
Q

With Pollock, we are shown that _________ has nothing to do with value in art.

A

A recognizable image.

164
Q

Initially, Maya Lin’s design for the Vietnam Veteran’s Memorial in Washington, D.C., invoked protest because it was considered __________.

A

Unheroic

Art History (Palomar) (3 decks)

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