Third partial

Question 1

Which are the two types of alleles?

Answer 1

Dominant & recessive

Question 2

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 2

An allele that masks the expression of the recessive allele when they are together

Question 3

When does a recessive allele express itself?

Answer 3

When it is paired with another recessive allele

Question 4

What is the name of part #1?

Answer 4

Chromatid

Question 5

What is a genome?

Answer 5

The genetic material of an organism

Question 6

What does a genome include?

Answer 6

The genes & the non-coding sequences of the DNA / RNA

Question 7

What does Gregor Mendel’s law of segregation establish?

Answer 7

Each individual has two factors of each trait; these factors segregate during formation of gametes

Question 8

What does Gregor Mendel’s law of independent assortment establish?

Answer 8

Each pair of factors separates independently; all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes

Question 9

What type of cell division do prokaryotic cells use?

Answer 9

Binary fission

Question 10

What type of cell division do eukaryotic cells use?

Answer 10

Mitosis

Question 11

What type of cell division do gametes use?

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

When does a cell stop entering the cell cycle?

Answer 12

When it becomes a specialized cell

Question 13

What are the three stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 13

• Interphase
• Mitosis
• Cytokinesis

Question 14

Which are the stages of the interphase?

Answer 14

• G1: before DNA synthesis (growth)
• S: DNA synthesis (replication)
• G2: after DNA replication (growth)

Question 15

What is mitosis?

Answer 15

The division of the nucleus

Question 16

Which are the different stages of mitosis?

Answer 16

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Question 17

What happens during the prophase?

Answer 17

DNA is packed in chromosomes, and spindles begin to form

Question 18

What happens during the metaphase?

Answer 18

Chromosomes allign in the center of the cell

Question 19

What happens during the anaphase?

Answer 19

Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart

Question 20

What happens during the telophase?

Answer 20

Spindles disappear, and two nucleus are formed

Question 21

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 21

The division of the cytoplasm

Question 22

What is the end product of mitosis?

Answer 22

Two dipoloid cells (46 chromosomes each)

Question 23

What happens during Prophase I?

Answer 23

Homologous chromosomes pair; crossing over (exchanging pieces between chromosomes)

Question 24

What happens during metaphase I?

Answer 24

Chromosomes allign

Question 25

What happens in anaphase I?

Answer 25

Chromosomes are pulled apart

Question 26

What happens during telophase I?

Answer 26

Nucleus are formed

Question 27

What is the result of Meiosis I?

Answer 27

Two haploid cells

Question 28

What is a unique charachteristic of Meiosis II?

Answer 28

It skips the interphase

Question 29

What occurs in prophase II?

Answer 29

There is no crossing over

Question 30

What happens in anaphase II?

Answer 30

It divides in two, to have 23 chromosomes each

Question 31

What is the end result of meiosis II?

Answer 31

Two haploid cells (23 chromosomes)

Question 32

What is the end product of meiosis?

Answer 32

4 haploid cells

Question 33

What is apoptosis?

Answer 33

When the cell knows something is wrong with itself. It then autodestructs

Question 34

If the checkpoints during apoptosis are not effective, what happens?

Answer 34

Mutated cells are formed

Question 35

What happens with mutated cells?

Answer 35

They reproduce, and then form tumors, which form cancer

Question 36

What is the main goal of DNA replication?

Answer 36

For DNA to get copied (replicated)

Question 37

What is the main goal of DNA transcription?

Answer 37

DNA is transcribed into RNA

Question 38

What is the main goal of translation?

Answer 38

RNA is translated into amino acids