Third layer of muscles in the sole of the foot

Question 1

Flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 1

Origin:

• Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform; tendon of tibias posterior

Insertion:

• Lateral and medial sides of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe

Innervation:

• Medial plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Function:

• Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe

Question 2

Adductor hallucis

Answer 2

Origin:

• Transverse head - ligaments associated with metatarsophalangeal joints of lateral three toes;
• Oblique head - bases of metatarsals II to IV and from sheath covering fibulas longus

Insertion:

• Lateral sure of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Innervation:

• Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3)

Function:

• Adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 3

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Answer 3

Origin:

• Base of metatarsal V and related sheath of fibulas longs tendon

Insertion:

• Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

Innervation:

• Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3)

Function:

• Flexes little toe at metatartophalangeal joint