Third Form Drill Questions Flashcards
What are the 3 moods of Latin verbs?
indicative
imperative
subjunctive
What is the indicative mood used for?
statements
and
questions
What is the imperative mood used for?
commands
What is the subjunctive mood used for?
potential action, such as
opinion,
purpose, and
wishes
How do you form the singular imperative of all four conjugations?
drop ‘re’ from the infinitive
How do you form the plural imperative of all but the 3rd conjugation?
add ‘te’ to the singular imperative
What will help you remember the 3rd conjugation imperative forms?
surge, surgite
Give the three irregular singular imperatives.
dic, dicite
duc, ducite
fac, facite
Give the singular and plural imperatives of sum.
es, este
The tenses of the perfect passive system are _____________ verb forms.
compound
The fourth principal part is a _________.
participle
A participle is a _________.
verbal adjective
Verbs that can take a direct object are called…
transitive
Verbs that do not take a direct object are called…
intransitive
The vocative case is the case of ___________.
direct address
Give the Vocative Rule
The vocative is the same as the nominative except in 2nd declension masculine singular where
us changes to e
and
ius changes to i.
Give three vocative expressions that illustrate the vocative rule.
Et tu, Brute?
Benedic Domine nos
Christe eleison
fili mi
Give three exceptions to the Vocative Rule.
meus - mi
deus - deus
Jesus - Jesu
A vocative noun is often used with an _________ verb and usually is not the ____________ word in the sentence.
imperative
first
Give two common indeclinable nouns.
satis
nihil
Give the dative and ablative plural of filia and dea.This is to distinguish them from the masculine dative and ablative plurals of deus and filius.
filiabus
deabus
What is an appositive?
a word that follows a noun and renames it
An appositive agrees with its noun or pronoun in…
gender
number
case
Give 2 examples of adjectives used as nouns in English.
the poor the good the bad the ugly the tired the weary
Latin often uses the ___________________ as a noun to describe a group of people or things.
Give 2 examples.
masculine or neuter nominative plural adjective
multa = many things nostri = our men multi = many people
Give the 3 kinds of 1st/2nd declension adjectives.
regular (bonus, a, um)
er adjectives that drop or retain the e
such as (pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum)
the Naughty Nine
The Naughty Nine have irregular forms in what cases?
genitive and dative singular
genitive singular = ius
dative singular = i
Name the Naughty Nine
unus, solus, totus
ullus, nullus
alius, alter
neuter, uter
Give 3 kinds of 3rd declension adjectives.
adjectives with 1, 2, and 3 terminations
In English, some adjectives require a _____________ to complete their thought.
The 3 ways in Latin to express this prepositional phrase is by:
prepositional phrase
case
preposition
infinitive
Which cardinal numbers are declined?
unus
duo
tres
Decline ‘duo’.
M F N duo duae duo duorum duarum duorum duobus duabus duobus duos duas duo duobus duabus duobus
Decline ‘tres’.
M/F N tres tria trium trium tribus tribus tres tria tribus tribus
Give 3 reasons for using a personal pronoun in the nominative case as a subject.
clarity
contrast
emphasis
The preposition cum takes the ___________ case, and when combined with 1st/2nd personal pronouns results in what forms?
ablative
mecum
tecum
nobiscum
vobiscum
The genitive of 1st/2nd declension pronouns is used for _________ expressions that do not show ___________.
of
possession
Nostri and vestri are used for the _________ genitive.
objective
If a noun implies action, it may be followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. Examples:
metus Dei = fear of God
metus mei = fear of me
metus vestri = fear of you all
Nostrum and vestrum are used for the _____________ genitive.
partitive
If a noun implies division/part, it my be followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. Examples: pars legionis = part of the legion
pars tui = part of you
pars nostrum = part of us
The 3rd person personal pronoun is ___________.
is, ea, id
The genitive of is, ea, id is used to show ___________ but functions as a _____________.
possession
pronoun
The 3rd person reflexive pronoun adjective in Latin is __________.
suus, sua, suum
What is meant by a ‘reflexive’ pronoun?
A reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject of its own clause.
What is meant by a ‘non-reflexive’ pronoun?
A non-reflexive pronoun refers to someone or something other than its subject.
Forms of is and ea mean ‘he’ and ‘she’ when referring to ___________ and ‘it’ when referring to ___________.
persons
things with grammatical gender
What kinds of pronouns point out persons or things?
demonstrative
Demonstrative pronouns can be used as both ____________.
pronouns and
adjectives
In what 3 respects does ‘hic’ refer to something close to the speaker?
time
space
thought
3rd declension nouns ending in _____ are usually feminine, and ending in _______ are always feminine.
o
-tas -tatis
When used together, ille and hic mean, respectively __________.
ille = the former hic = the latter
Give 2 uses of the demonstrative iste.
point out something close to the person spoken to
in contempt
Which demonstrative means ‘the famous’ when it follows a noun?
ille, illa, illud
Give the four demonstative pronouns.
is, ea id = that, those (non-specific) and he,she, it
hic, haec, hoc = this, these (specific, near the speaker)
ille, illa, illud = that, those (specific, remote from speaker)
iste, ista, istud = that, those (specific, near the person spoken to or in contempt)
Which demonstrative is also used as the 3rd person personal pronoun?
is, ea, id
The forms for _________ and ___________ pronouns are identical in English, but different in Latin.
reflexive
intensive
In English, reflexive and intensive pronouns end in ________.
self, selves
Give the 1st person reflexive/intensive pronouns in English.
myself, ourselves
Give the 2nd person reflexive/intensive pronouns in English.
yourself, yourselves
Give the 3rd person reflexive/intensive pronouns in English,
himself
herself
itself
themselves
An intensive pronoun ___________ another word in the sentence.
emphasizes
The intensive pronoun in Latin is ___________.
ipse, ipsa, ipsum
The reflexive pronoun reflects back on the __________, is always in the ___________, and never in the __________ case.
subject
predicate
nominative
1st/2nd person personal and reflexive pronouns are _________ in Latin.
Name them.
identical
mei, mihi, me, me
tui, tibi, te, te
nostri/um, nobis, nos, nobis
vestri/um, vobis, vos, vobis
The 3rd person reflexive pronouns in Latin are _____________.
sui
sibi
sese
What 3 declensions have nouns ending in ‘us’ in the nominative?
2nd
3rd
4th
Most 3rd declension nouns ending in ‘us’ are what gender?
neuter
Give some English words that express the subjunctive.
may might let should could would
Which 2 tenses are missing from the subjunctive?
future
future perfect
The indicative mood describes activity that is _________.
real, actual
The subjunctive mood describes activity that is _________.
potential
The subjunctive is used mainly in ____________.
subordinate clauses
Give 2 ways to use the subjunctive in an independent clause.
hortatory subjunctive
deliberative questions
A clause is a part of a sentence that has ___________.
a subject and a verb
What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?
a phrase does not have a subject and a verb,
and a clause does
A clause that can stand alone is an ____________ clause.
independent
A clause that cannot stand alone is a ___________ clause.
subordinate
A subordinate clause that uses the subjunctive is the ______________.
purpose clause
The present subjunctive is formed by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ these vowels before the personal ending: 1st conj. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2nd conj. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3rd conj. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3rd io conj. \_\_\_\_\_\_ 4th conj \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
adding
changing
1st conj. - substitute e for a 2nd conj. - add a 3rd conj. - substitute a for i,o,u 3rd io conj. - add a 4th conj. - add a
What sentence helps you remember the vowel changes in the subjunctive?
We beat a liar.
The hortatory subjunctive is used to express ___________ and is usually translated with ___________.
exhortation, indirect command, strong wish
let or may
The meaning of the subjunctive must be determined by the __________ but we will use the helping verbs ___________ for recitation.
context
may and might
Use these models to translate the hortatory subjunctive.
1st Oremus - Let us pray.
2nd Vincas - May you overcome.
3rd Veniat - Let him come. / May he come.
A subjunctive clause is made negative by using the conjunction ________.
ne
A deliberative question is asked in ________ or ___________ and is expressed in English by the helping verb ____________.
doubt
indignation
should
A deliberative question uses the ___________ subjunctive for present time and the _____________ subjunctive for past time.
present
imperfect
The ___________ can be used to show purpose in English, but not in Latin.
infinitive
In a sentence with a purpose clause, the main verb is in the ____________, and the purpose clause is in the __________.
indicative
subjunctive
The verbs in a sentence with 2 clauses must ____________.
correspond
If the verb of the main clause is in the present or future, the verb of the purpose clause is in the _____________.
present subjunctive
If the verb of the main clause is in the past, the verb of the purpose clause is in the ________________.
imperfect subjunctive
The perfect subjunctive is identical to ___________ tense except for ______________.
future perfect
the first person singular
A negative clause of purpose replaces ‘ut’ with ______.
ne
The active perfect and pluperfect subjunctives are built on the __________ stem by adding ____________ and ____________, respectively.
perfect
eri
isse
Give the 2 neuter and 2 feminine nouns of the 4th declension.
cornu, -us, n.
genu, -us, n.
domus, -us, f.
manus, -us, f.
In adjectives and adverbs there are three ___________.
degrees of comparison
The 3 degrees of comparison are:
positive
comparative
superlative
The _______________ is descriptive.
positive
The _______________ implies a comparison between two persons or things.
comparative
The _______________ implies a comparison among more than two persons or things.
superlative
In English, many positive adjectives can be changed into comparatives by adding ________ and changed into superlatives by adding __________,
er
est
Give an example of the degrees of comparison in English using the adjective ‘great’.
great
greater
greatest
In English, other adjectives and adverbs are compared by means of the words __________ and __________.
more
most
The Latin comparative is formed by adding _______ and _______ to the stem.
- ior (M/F)
- ius (N)
The Latin comparative is declined like the regular _________ noun.
3rd declension
The superlative adjective is formed by adding ___________, ____________, or _____________ to the stem.
- issimus, -a, -um
- rimus, -a, -um to masculine nominative singular (er adjectives retain the e)
- limus, -a, -um to stem (facilis/difficilis/similis/humilis)
The superlative adjective is declined like _____________.
bonus, -a, -um
Two nouns or pronouns compared using the adverb quam must be ____________.
in the same case
A comparative adjective used to indicate degree rather than comparison means _______________.
rather
too
more than the average
A superlative adjective used to indicate degree rather than comparison means ____________.
very
Adjectives with stems ending in a vowel are usually compared using the adverbs ____________ and ___________.
magis
maxime
Adverbs stand ____________ the verbs they modify.
before
1st/2nd declension adjectives are changed into adverbs by _____________.
adding -e to the stem
Some adjectives, especially of quantity and number, form adverbs with the _________________.
neuter accusative singular
Third declension adjectives of 2 and 3 terminations are changed into adverbs by _______________.
adding -iter or -enter
add -enter to words ending in ens or entis
The comparative of regular adverbs is the _______________.
neuter singular accusative of the adjective comparative form
The superlative of regular adverbs is formed by __________.
adding -e to the superlative stem
changing us of the superlative adjective to e
